b15 adaptations, interdependence and competition

Question 1

what is an ecosystem?

Answer 1

interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with non- living (abiotic) parts of their environment

Question 2

what do organisms require?

Answer 2

a supply of materials from their surroundings and from the other living organisms there.

Question 3

why do organisms require a supply of materials from their surroundings and from the other living organisms there?

Answer 3

to survive and reproduce

Question 4

why do plants in a community or habitat often compete with each other for?

Answer 4

-light
-space
-water
-mineral ions from the soil

Question 5

what do animals often compete with each other for?

Answer 5

-food
-mates
-territory

Question 6

within a community, what do each species depend on other species for?

Answer 6

food
shelter
pollination
seed dispersal

Question 7

if one species is removed what can it affect?

Answer 7

the whole community

Question 8

when one species is removed, it can affect the whole community. What is this called?

Answer 8

interdependence

Question 9

what is a stable community?

Answer 9

one where all the species and environmental factors are in balance so that population sizes remain fairly constant.

Question 10

what is population?

Answer 10

all the organisms of a particular speicies that live in that habitat

Question 11

what is community?

Answer 11

all the populations of different species that live together in a habitat

Question 12

what does abiotic factors mean

Answer 12

non living factors
abiotic= non-living

Question 13

abiotic(non-living) factors which affect communities are:

Answer 13

-light intensity
-temperature
-moisture levels
-solid pH and mineral content
-wind intensity and direction
-carbon dioxide levels for plants
-oxygen levels for aquatic plants

Question 14

what dos biotic factor mean?

Answer 14

living factors
biotic=living

Question 15

biotic factors which can affect a community are:

Answer 15

-availability of food
-new predators arriving
-new pathogens
-one species outcompeting another so the numbers are no longer sufficient to breed

Question 16

why do organisms have adaptations?

Answer 16

adaptations enable organisms to survive in the conditions in which they normally live

Question 17

what may these adaptations be?

Answer 17

structural, behavioural or fucntional

Question 18

some organisms live in environments that are very extreme. Give examples

Answer 18

-high temperature, pressure or salt concentration

Question 19

some organisms live in environments that are very extreme. What are these organisms called?

Answer 19

extremophiles

Question 20

give an example of extremophiles

Answer 20

bacteria living in deep sea vents

Question 21

what do structural (physical) adaptations involve?

Answer 21

-shape
-colour

Question 22

example what structural features do seals and walruss’s have?

Answer 22

rounded shape-store of fat, live in cold
-low surface area:volume –> conserve heat

Question 23

what is behavioral adaptations in elephants (the way an organism behaves)

Answer 23

-flap their ears , spray themselves with water to cool themselves down

Question 24

what are functional adaptations?

Answer 24

processes inside an organism
example their metabolism and reproductive system