B11 - hormonal coordination Flashcards
what is the endocrine system composed of?
glands which secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream
Where does blood carry the hormones?
Blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect
Endocrine system vs nervous system
Compared to the nervous system the effects are slower but act for longer
the pituitary gland is found in the
Brain
what does the pituitary gland do?
It is a ‘master gland’ which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions. These hormones in turn act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects
blood glucose concentration is monitored and controlled by the
Pancreas
What happens If the blood glucose concentration is too high
The pancreas produces the hormone insulin that causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells
What happens in the liver and muscle cells?
Excess glucose is converted into glycogen for storage
What is type 1 diabetes?
a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin . Characterised by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
What is type 1 diabetes treated by ?
insulin injection
What is type 2 diabetes ?
The body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas
How to treat type 2 diabetes?
A carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise regime
What is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes ?
Obesity
What happens if the blood glucose concentration is too low?
The pancreas produces the hormone glucagon
oral contraceptives
Contain hormones to inhibit FSH production so that no eggs mature
Injection implant or skin patch
Slow release progesterone to inhibit maturation and release of eggs for a number of months or years
Spermicidal agents
Kill or disable sperm
Barrier method such as condoms and diaphragms
prevent sperm reaching the egg
intrauterine devices
Prevent the implantation of an embryo or release a hormone
Abstaining from intercourses when
An egg may be in the oviduct
Surgical methods of
Male and female sterilisation
IVF involves giving a mother FSH and LH to ?
Stimulate the maturation of several eggs
The eggs are collected from the mother and ?
Fertilised by sperm from the father in the laboratory
the fertilised eggs develop into?
embryos
At the stage where they are tiny balls of cells what happens?
One or two embryos are inserted into the mothers uterus (womb)
Although fertility treatment gives a woman a chance to have a baby of her own , the negatives are:
-it is very emotionally and physically stressful
-the success rates are not high
-it can lead to multiple births which are both a risk for babies and the mother
Adrenaline is produced by?
Adrenal glands in times of fear or stress
What does adrenaline do?
it increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the Brain and muscles
What does adrenaline prepare body for?
fight or flight
thyroxine from the thyroid gland does what?
Stimulates the basal metabolic rate. It plays a part In growth and development
Thyroxine levels are controlled by
Negative feedback
