B1.3 Respiration Flashcards
Define respiration
A chemical process that occurs in every cell of a living organism to release energy for living processes
What do living organisms need energy for?
Muscle contractions so animals can move
Keeping body temp steady
Building large molecules from smaller ones
Why do animals need to build large molecules?
Making proteins, fats and carbohydrates
Building new tissues eg muscle, skin or bone
Why do plants need to build large molecules?
Making amino acids
Combining amino acids to make proteins
Respiration releases ___ stored within the bonds of ____ molecules such as ____. This is then stored as another energy store called ___
Energy
Substrate
Glucose
ATP
Why is ATP universal?
All living organisms use it
What cell organelle is involved in respiration?
Mitochondria
What type of protein is linked with respiration?
ATP synthase
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy
What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ ATP)
How many ATP molecules can be made?
Net gain of 32 ATP
(Total 36 but 4 are used up)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose —> lactic acid
Hard exercise causes insufficient ___ for ____ respiration
Oxygen
Aerobic
Lactic acid accumulates in…
Causing…
Muscles
Pain and fatigue
Anaerobic respiration releases much ___ energy per ___ than aerobic respiration
Less
Glucose molecule
Oxygen debt is…
When you run out of oxygen
How do we deal with oxygen debt?
Breathing deeply - the oxygen breaks down the lactic acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and microorganisms?
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
This is also referred to as?
Ethanol fermentation / alcohol fermentation
In anaerobic respiration in yeast and roots, what happens to the products?
Ethanol builds up and can’t be converted to anything else
If anything levels get too high it will start to kill off the cells
What nutrients are good sources of energy?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
What do animals store glucose as?
Glycogen (stored in muscles)
What do plants store glucose as?
Starch
What enzyme breaks down lipids?
Lipase
