B13 Reproduction Flashcards
How do pregnancy tests work?
Monoclonal antibodies bind to HCG found in pregnancy urine
How can monoclonal antibodies be used to diagnose illnesses
Monoclonal antibodies can be made to bind to pathogens and can diagnose blood clots and cancer
What is fertilisation?
When a male and female gamete fuse together
How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis
Four genetically identical daughter cells
Describe the process of meiosis
The chromosomes inside the cell double
The cells splits into two
The two cells then further split again into two more cells leaving a total of 4 genetically identical cells
What is a haploid
A cell that contains half of the human chromosomes
What is a nucleotide
A nucleotide is a part of a gene made up of a phosphate,base and sugar
What is a sequence of three bases and what does the order of the bases control
A sequence of three bases is a code for a particular amino acid
The order of the bases control the type of amino acid
What are the four bases of a gene
A,C,G,T
What is the genome
The entire genetic material of an organism
What can the human genome be used for
- Tracing migration paterns
- treat and understand inherited disorders
How does protein synthesis occur
- The template moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell
- the template attaches to the ribosome of the cell
- carrier molecules attach to the template
- carrier molecule is attached to the specific amino acid molecule
- the amino acids are joined together to form a protein
- the protein folds into its final shape
What can a mutation in the chromosome cause
Can cause the active sight of enzymes to be different shapes which can cause different colours of skin for camoflage
What is a genotype
The genetic makeup of an indervidual
What is a phenotype?
An inderviduals observable traites
