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BIOLOGY > B12 - Reproduction > Flashcards

B12 - Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

No gametes (sex cells) are involved. All genetic info comes from 1 parent. So there is little VARIATION

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2
Q

How are clones formed?

A

By mitosis

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3
Q

What are identical copies called in asexual reproduction?

A

Clones

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4
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Fusion of gametes (sex cells). Mixing of genetics. So offspring show variation

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5
Q

How are gametes formed?

A

By meiosis

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6
Q

What does meiosis do?

A

Produces gametes in which chromosome number is halved. When 2 gametes fuse the whole chromosome is restored

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7
Q

What are the sex cells in plants?

A

Egg cells + pollen

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8
Q

How many gametes are formed in meiosis?

A

Genetic material is copied then cell divides twice to form 4 gametes, each with single set of chromosomes

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9
Q

What is the genome of an organism?

A

It’s entire genetic material

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10
Q

What is DNA?

A

Polymer made up of 2 strands of DNA

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11
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Very long molecule

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12
Q

What is a gene?

A

Code for protein

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13
Q

How does the human genome help scientists and doctors?

A
  • Helps understanding and treatment of inherited diseases

- Tracing human migration

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14
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of a gene

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15
Q

What is the phenotype?

A

Characteristics

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16
Q

What is the genotype?

A

Genetic makeup

17
Q

What is homozygote?

A

Both alleles are the same (DD or dd)

18
Q

What is heterozygote?

A

Both alleles are different (Dd)

19
Q

When is a dominant allele expressed?

A

In the phenotype, even if only 1 copy is present

20
Q

When is a recessive allele expressed?

A

Only if 2 copies are present

21
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs

22
Q

What letters are males and what are females?

A

Female: XX
Male: XY

23
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Genetic condition. Baby is born with more fingers or toes.

24
Q

What causes polydactyly?

A

Dominant allele. It’s inherited.

25
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Production of thick, sticky mucus. Mucus affects several organs including lungs and pancreas

26
Q

What causes cystic fibrosis?

A

Recessive allele.

27
Q

What does cystic fibrosis affect?

A

Cell membranes

BIOLOGY (4 decks)

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