B11 - Hormonal coordination

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 2

The master gland. Secretes 7 hormones into bloodstream in response to body conditions

Question 3

Name the key endocrine glands?

Answer 3

Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland 
Pancreas
Adrenal gland 
Ovaries
Testes

Question 4

Which hormones are slow acting but have long term effects?

Answer 4

Growth hormones

Sex hormones

Question 5

Which hormones act very rapidly?

Answer 5

Insulin

Adrenaline

Question 6

What does FSH do?

Answer 6

Stimulates ovaries to secrete oestrogen

Question 7

What monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

Answer 7

Pancreas

Question 8

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 8

Produces insulin allowing glucose to move from the blood into cells and to be stored as glycogen in liver and muscles

Question 9

What happens during type 1 diabetes?

Answer 9

Blood glucose rises to fatally high levels because pancreas does not secrete enough insulin

Question 10

What happens during type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

Body stops responding to its own insulin

Question 11

How is type 1 diabetes treated?

Answer 11

Injecting insulin to replace hormone that’s not made in body by pancreas

Question 12

How is type 2 diabetes treated?

Answer 12

Carbohydrate controlled diet
Exercise
Sometimes certain drugs are used

Question 13

What does thyroxine from the thyroid gland do?

Answer 13

Stimulates basal metabolic rate. Plays important role in growth and repair

Question 14

What is controlled by negative feedback and what is not?

Answer 14

Thyroxine IS. Adrenaline is NOT.

Question 15

What is negative feedback?

Answer 15

Works to maintain a steady, stable state including the internal and external environment

Question 16

What does TSH do?

Answer 16

Released by pituitary gland. Stimulates thyroxine production by the thyroid gland.

Question 17

What is ovulation?

Answer 17

Every 28 days a mature egg is released from the ovary.

Question 18

What hormones are involved in controlling the menstrual cycle?

Answer 18

FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone

Question 19

What do the hormones do during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

FSH - causes eggs in ovary to mature
LH - stimulates release of egg at ovulation
Oestrogen + Progesterone - stimulate build up and maintenance of uterus lining

Question 20

What does IVF stand for?

Answer 20

In Vitro Fertilisation

Question 21

What happens when you get an IVF?

Answer 21

• Doctor gives woman FSH to stimulate maturity of eggs followed by LH to stimulate ovaries to the point of ovulation.
• Eggs are collected from woman and fertilised with sperm
• 1 or 2 embryos are inserted into woman’s uterus

Question 22

Advantages of IVF?

Answer 22

Gives infertile women the chance of having a baby

Question 23

Disadvantages of IVF?

Answer 23

1. Expensive
2. Not always successful
3. Emotionally and physically stressful
4. Result in multiple births and premature births
5. Ethical issues - if the mature eggs or embryos of woman are stored for future use