B11 - Hormonal coordination Flashcards
What is the endocrine system?
Made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
What is the pituitary gland?
The master gland. Secretes 7 hormones into bloodstream in response to body conditions
Name the key endocrine glands?
Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Pancreas Adrenal gland Ovaries Testes
Which hormones are slow acting but have long term effects?
Growth hormones
Sex hormones
Which hormones act very rapidly?
Insulin
Adrenaline
What does FSH do?
Stimulates ovaries to secrete oestrogen
What monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?
Pancreas
What does the pancreas do?
Produces insulin allowing glucose to move from the blood into cells and to be stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
What happens during type 1 diabetes?
Blood glucose rises to fatally high levels because pancreas does not secrete enough insulin
What happens during type 2 diabetes?
Body stops responding to its own insulin
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
Injecting insulin to replace hormone that’s not made in body by pancreas
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
Carbohydrate controlled diet
Exercise
Sometimes certain drugs are used
What does thyroxine from the thyroid gland do?
Stimulates basal metabolic rate. Plays important role in growth and repair
What is controlled by negative feedback and what is not?
Thyroxine IS. Adrenaline is NOT.
What is negative feedback?
Works to maintain a steady, stable state including the internal and external environment
What does TSH do?
Released by pituitary gland. Stimulates thyroxine production by the thyroid gland.
What is ovulation?
Every 28 days a mature egg is released from the ovary.
What hormones are involved in controlling the menstrual cycle?
FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
What do the hormones do during the menstrual cycle?
FSH - causes eggs in ovary to mature
LH - stimulates release of egg at ovulation
Oestrogen + Progesterone - stimulate build up and maintenance of uterus lining
What does IVF stand for?
In Vitro Fertilisation
What happens when you get an IVF?
- Doctor gives woman FSH to stimulate maturity of eggs followed by LH to stimulate ovaries to the point of ovulation.
- Eggs are collected from woman and fertilised with sperm
- 1 or 2 embryos are inserted into woman’s uterus
Advantages of IVF?
Gives infertile women the chance of having a baby
Disadvantages of IVF?
- Expensive
- Not always successful
- Emotionally and physically stressful
- Result in multiple births and premature births
- Ethical issues - if the mature eggs or embryos of woman are stored for future use
