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Pharmacology exam 3 > B12/Folic Acid/Iron Supplements for Anemia: 3 Questions > Flashcards

B12/Folic Acid/Iron Supplements for Anemia: 3 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Iron Deficiency Anemia Medications ?

A

Ferrous Sulfate (Feosol) and Iron Dextran

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2
Q

What are the Pernicious Anemia Medications?

A

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) and Cyanocobalamin.

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3
Q

What are the Megaloblastic (Microcytic) Anemia Medications?

A

Folic Acid (Floacin), Vitamin B9, Vitamin B12, and Cyanocobalamin

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4
Q

What are the tow types of RBC Maturation Defects ?

A

Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

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5
Q

What is Cytoplasmic?

A

Low Iron or Globin. Which is Iron Deficiency Anemia.

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6
Q

What are the things that indicate Iron deficiency anemia?

A

blood loss, surgery, diet, decreased absorption, GI bleed, menstrual blood loss, extreme hemorrhoids, NSAID abuse

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7
Q

What is Nuclear ?

A

Low Vitamin B12 or folic acid.  Megaloblastic anemias, pernicious anemia, folic acid deficiency

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8
Q

What is Megaloblastic Anemia?

A

RBC that are larger but there are fewer of them.

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9
Q

What does Iron Deficiency Anemia RBC look like?

A

Smaller and more pale

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10
Q

What are the two types of Excessive RBC Destruction (Hemolytic anemia)?

A

-Intrinsic RBC abnormalities (defect inside RBC)
-Extrinsic Mechanisms (defect outside RBC)

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11
Q

What is Intrinsic RBC abnormalities (defect inside RBC)?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia, G6PD deficiency

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12
Q

What is Extrinsic Mechanisms (defect outside RBC)?

A

Drug induced antibodies, mechanical forces, septic shock

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13
Q

What are the things that indicate Anemia or what is it known for ?

A

Craving ice, fatigue, weakness, abnormal vitals, dyspnea, low weight, discoloration of nails and skin, fissures on the lips.

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14
Q

What is the normal labs for Hemoglobin (HGB)?

A

13-18 g/100 mL adult male, 12-16 female

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15
Q

What is normal labs for Hematocrit ?

A

HCT = 45-52% adult male, 37-48% adult female

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16
Q

What should you drink while taking Iron Supplements?

A

Orange Juice

17
Q

What should you not take with Iron Supplements?

A

Antacids and Milk and Iron Salts

18
Q

What type of vitamin helps with absorption with Iron supplements ?

A

Vitamin C

19
Q

Why should you give an IV route instead of an IM route with Iron Supplements?

A

IM Injection can cause black staining of the skin that is permanent (IV route is safer). If you do the IM make sure you do the Z-track.

20
Q

What foods help with Iron Deficiency ?

A

Muscle Meats and liver, egg yolks, and yeast.

21
Q

Do men’s vitamin supplements have iron?

A

Little to no Iron

22
Q

What should you do first when administering iron?

A

Do a test dose

23
Q

What is the second thing you should do when administering Iron?

A

Give second dose slowly 12.4 mg/min

24
Q

What can be caused by parental route when giving Iron?

A

Hypotension

25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Iron Poisoning/toxicity?

A

N/V/D, GI symptoms, dark bloody stools, vomiting blood, acidosis

26
Q

What are the shock symptoms of Iron Poisoning/Toxicity?

A

hypotension, tachypnea, pallor then cyanosis, coma

27
Q

How do you treat Iron Poisoning/Toxicity?

A

bowel irrigation, deferoxamine (Desferal)- binds to the Iron and forces it out of GI.

28
Q

What is Pernicious Anemia ?

A

B12 deficiency

29
Q

What is common with b12 deficiency ?

A

Numbness and tingling of hands and feet

30
Q

What is the the main indication or concern with Pernicious Anemia ?

A

Cardinal signs – beefy red tongue, pallor, neuropathy

31
Q

What are the normal labs for B12 ?

A

200-900.

32
Q

What labs do you watch or do for Pernicious Anemia?

A

B12, HGB, HCT, RBC, reticulocyte counts

33
Q

What is is deficient in Megaloblastic anemias?

A

Folic Acid Deficiency

34
Q

What can Folic Acid be used for?

A
  • DNA, eryhtropoiesis
  • Megaloblastic anemias
  • Prevent neural defects in fetus
  • Treat malabsorption syndrome
35
Q

What are the signs of Folic acid deficiency ?

A

Pallor, fatigue, palpitations, paresthesia
Encouraged in pregnancy

36
Q

What is encouraged to take for pregnancy ?

A

Helps with Neural tube defects in newborns (Spinal Bifida)

37
Q

What is the normal folate range ?

A

6-15 mcg/mL

Pharmacology exam 3 (5 decks)

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