B.1.2

Question 1

The four main types of bones

Answer 1

Long: cylindrical shaft and are enlarged at both ends. They are important for movement e.g femur
Short: small cubed shaped e.g carpales and tarsals
Flat: curved surfaces they can be thick or thin, used for protection and muscle attachment e.g sternum
Irregular: specialised shapes and function e.g vertebrae

Question 2

Functions of the bone tissue and skeletal system (4)

Answer 2

1. protection
2. support
3. blood cell production
4. muscle attachment

Question 3

Structure of bone

Answer 3

Bone contains protein (collagen) fibres, water and mineral salts. Bone can not be stretched or torn apart.

Question 4

Structure of a long bone (femur)

Answer 4

The midsection of the bone is called the diaphysis which is made up of compact bone (solid+dence). The end of the bone are called the proximal and distal epiphysis which is made up of spongy bone were red bone marrow is stored. Bone that is not covered by the cartilage is covered in a thin shiny white membrane called the periosteum which is important for bone growth and repair. Medullary cavity is the space where yellow bone marrow is stored. Small opening called the nutrient foramen, blood vessels pass through entering the medullary cavity and provide with blood and nutrients.

Question 5

Diaphysis

Answer 5

The midsection of a long bone and is made up of compact bone which is solid and dence

Question 6

Proximal and distal epiphysis

Answer 6

At the ends of the long bone which is made from spongy bone where red bone marrow is stored.

Question 7

Cartilage

Answer 7

a thin layer which covers the end of bones to reduce friction between bones and obsorb shock

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

A thin, shiny white membrane which is important for bone growth, repair and attachment for ligaments and tendons

Question 9

Medullary cavity

Answer 9

Located within the diaphysis where yellow bone marrow is stored

Question 10

Nutrient foramen

Answer 10

Opening in the diaphysis where blood vessels pass through, entering the medullary cavity and provide blood and nutrients

Question 11

Joints (3)

Answer 11

• Two or more bones come into contact with eachother
• Increase mobility of the body and limbs.
• There are different types fo joints

Question 12

Ligaments

Answer 12

• Strong flexible tissues that connect bone to bone
• Restrain joint movements that are not capable
• They can be torn if stretched violently and take a long time to recover

Question 13

Fascia

Answer 13

Conective tissue located between and surrounding other tissues, made up of fibrous tissue

Question 14

What are the three layers of fasica in the skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

Empimysium (outside layer)
Perimysium (surrounds bundles)
Endomysium (in-between individual muscle fibres)

Question 15

Tendons

Answer 15

Tough and flexible tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 16

Type of joints (3)

Answer 16

Fibrous joints - no movment can accure
Cartilaginous joints - limited movement
Synovial joints - important for body mobility

Question 17

Structure of synovial joints

Answer 17

Space between the bones called the joint cavity, thier is cartilage covering the bones to reduce friction. Articular capsule surrounds the joint and is flexible to allow movement. Inside the capsule is lined by synovial membrane that has synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

Question 18

Types of synovial joints (6)

Answer 18

Hinge joint - one direction flex and extension e.g elbow and knee
Ball and socket joint - large amount of movment e.g shoulder and hip
Pivot joint - allow rotaion e.g radioulnar
Gliding joint - flat bones gliding back and forth across e.g tarsels
Saddle joint - moves up and down and side to side e.g thumb carple bones
Condyloid joint - allow wrist movment up and down and side to side e.g carple bones