B1.1 Flashcards
Inferior
Below of further away from the head
Superior
Above or nearer to the head
Proximal
Nearer to where a limb attaches to the body
Anterior
In front or nearer to the front
Posterior
Behind or nearer to the back
Internal
Located inside or further away from the surface
External
Located on or near the surface
Lateral
Further away from the midline of the body
Medial
Closer to the midline of the body
Axial component
80 bones e.g skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column
- main function is to provide protection
Appendicular component
126 bones e.g femur, clavicle, humerus, pelvis etc
- main function is to provide movement
Functions of the skeleton (4)
- Protect vital organs - the ribcage surrounds the heart and lungs
- Support/posture - framework for the body and the vertebral bones get bigger as you move down to be more supportive
- provide attachemtn points for muscles - muscles are attached from one bone to another via tendons when they contrct , they pull on the bones causing morments at joints
- Store energy - lipids are stored in yellow bone marrow, which is located inside long bones
Vertebral Column
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacral vertebrae
Coccygeal vertebrae
Frontal plane
Front to back - Sagittal axis
Sagittal plane
Side to side - Frontal axis
Transverse plane
Top to bottom - Longitudinal axis
Motion in the sagittal plane (2)
Flexion: closing of the joint angle
Extension: opening of the joint angle
Motion in the frontal plane (2)
Abduction: opening of the joint angle
Adduction: closing of the joint angle
Motion in the transverse plane (1)
Lateral rotation: moving bone moves towards the lateral aspect of the body
What is elevation?
Lifting/moving up e.g shoulders
What is depression?
Dropping/moving down e.g shoulders
What is protraction?
Moving forwards and out e.g shoulders towards your chest
What is retraction?
Moving backwards and in e.g shoulders moving back
What is pronation?
Rotaion of the radioulnar joint (palms down)
