A.1.1 Inter-system communication Flashcards
Organisation of the nervous system
CNS,PSN,sensory (a), motor (e), autonomic, somatic, sympathetic, parasympathetic
CNS (central nervous system)
- brain and spinal cord
- conscious and uncounscious nervous activity
- regulates the physiological functions
- spinal cord helps information travel between the brain and the rest if the body
PNS (peripheral nervous system)
- consists of all the nerves outside if the CNS
- divided into sensory (afferent) nerves and motor (efferent) nerves
Sensory (afferent) nerves
Sends information to the CNS what is goin on inside and outside the body
Motor (efferent) nerves
Sends information from the CNS to the tissue or system of the body
Somatic nervous system
controls the voluntary movements of the skeletal muscle
automatic nervous system
control involuntary bodily functions e.g heart rate and breathing
Sympathetic nervous system
- activate the flight -or-flight response
- increased heart rate
Parasympathetic nervous system
- helps the involuntary functions
- body’s housekeeping system
- decrease in heart rate
Vasodilation
widening of blood vessels (relaxation of the smooth muscle)
Vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels (contraction of the smooth muscle)
Hypothalamus
responsable foe maintaining homeostasis
- regulating the affect of the internal environment
Thalamus
important for motor control
Role of the nervous system in controlling heart rate
Proprioceptors
- provide information about body positions
- amount of tension
- position of joints
Chemoreceptors
- detect chnages in levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen
- sends messages to the brain to provide input to any system
Baroreceptors
- detect low or high pressure
- located in arteries
- help regualte blood pressure
The endocrine system
- responses take longer to be sent but last longer than the NS
- made up of tissues or glands that secrete hormones
Hormones
- chemicals released by glands or tissues to control and regualte the activity of other cells in the body
- hormones are directly sent into the blood to target cells
- can only interact with specific receptors on some cells
