B1.2

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

Strand of DNA contains genes

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Section of DNA which codes for a characteristic

Question 3

Bases

Answer 3

Nitrogenous base found in DNA - A, C, T and G

Question 4

Nucleotide

Answer 4

Monomer found in DNA consisting of an organic base, ribose sugar and a phosphate group

Question 5

Polymer

Answer 5

Substance made of many monomers bonded together

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

Characteristics that are observed in an organism

Question 7

Complimentary base pair

Answer 7

The pairing of bases between 2 strands of DNA

Question 8

Denature

Answer 8

Shape of an enzyme is changed so the active site no longer fits the substrate and it can no longer catalyse the reaction

Question 9

Rate of reaction

Answer 9

The reaction rate for a given chemical reaction

Question 10

Active site

Answer 10

Region of an enzyme where substrate binds to the molecule it’s trying to break down

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

Biological catalyst which speeds up reactions without being used up

Question 12

Substrate

Answer 12

Molecule that an enzyme acts upon

Question 13

Lock and key hypothesis

Answer 13

Model that explains the specificity of enzymes

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

Copy of DNA strand used to carry the genetic code out of the nucleus so the proteins can be synthesised

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

Process by which mRNA is formed

Question 16

Translation

Answer 16

Process by which proteins are synthesised

Question 17

Pathogens

Answer 17

Microbes (micro-organisms) that cause diseases

Question 18

Optimum conditions

Answer 18

Where something works best

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

Biological polymer made with nucleotide monomers. The sequence contains all the information needed to make an organism