B11: Hormone Control Flashcards
What’s the difference between the nervous and endocrine system
Endocrine system is slower with long lasting effects nervous system is rapid with shorter effects
The nervous system uses electrical impulses which travel down neurones but the endocrine system uses hormones which are chemicals carried in the bloodstream
What hormones are secreted from the pancreas
These are hormones involved in concentration of glucose in the blood.
The ovaries and tested release what hormone
They release hormones involved in puberty and reproduction .
What does the thyroid gland do
These produce hormones which are involved in growth and regulate the body’s metabolic rate .
What does the adrenal glands release and at what time
They release the hormone adrenaline which is produced in times of fear and stress.
Where is the pituitary gland located and what does it release
Pituitary gland is located in the brain and is known as a master gland and realises a number of different hormones in the body depending on conditions. They act on other glands and can produce different effects on the body.
What happens after a carbohydrate rich meal
The persons blood glucose levels rises and this can be sensed by the pancreas but insulin from the pancreas is secreted into the bloodstream and triggers body cells to take up glucose from the blood and it triggers livers and muscle cells to store excess glucose as glycogen so the glucose in the blood returns to it’s normal level-homeostasis has taken place.
What is wrong with people with type 1 diabetes
The pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin. So their blood glucose level rises after a carbohydrate rich meal and in someone who doesn’t have diabetes the blood glucose level increases and with insulin it returns to normal. However in someone with type 1 diabetes the blood glucose concentration rises and stays at a high level as it cannot produce sufficient insulin.
What do people do with type 1 diabetes to survive this
They inject themselves with insulin if blood glucose levels rise too much after a carbohydrate rich meal
What’s wrong with some people with type 2 diabetes
The body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. So blood glucose levels rise too high and the insulin produced doesn’t work due to fatty material blocking the way.
How is type 2 diabetes treated
It’s treated with diet controlled level of carbohydrates with the aim of preventing blood glucose levels from rising too high and to take exercise.
A risk factor is obesity
What happens when blood glucose concentration falls for example between meals
The pancreas releases the hormone glucagon into the bloodstream which triggers liver cells to convert glycogen stores back to glucose which is released into the blood so the blood glucose levels return to normal.
