B1.1 - Cell Structures Flashcards
What are Eukaryotic Cells?
Eukaryotic cells contain genetic material in a nucleus. They are complex and relatively large e.g. Plant and animal cells.
What are Prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells contain genetic material in the cytoplasm and have no nucleus. They are simple and usually smaller e.g. Bacterial cells
What are mitochondria?
Mitochondria are where respiration occurs. Enzymes enable glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2) to react together to produce energy.
What are the vacuole?
They are full of cell sap to keep the cell rigid and support the plant.
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
- Chloroplasts
- Cell Wall
- Vacuole
What are the features of a bacterial/prokaryotic cell?
- Pili
- Cell membrane
- Slime capsule
- Cell wall
- Plasmids
- Flagella
- DNA
- Cytoplasm
What is the function of the flagella?
They are tiny tail like structures which help the cell move.
What is the function of pili?
They are tiny tail like structures that allow the cells to attach to structures such as the cells in your digestive tract. They also transfer DNA.
What is the function of a slime capsule?
To protect the cell from dying out and from poisonous substances. They also help the cell to stick to smooth surfaces.
What is the function of plasmids?
They are circular pieces of DNA which are used to store extra genes. Usually where antibiotic resistance genes are found.
What is the equation for total magnification?
Eye lens magnif. X objective lens mag
What is resolution?
The smallest distance between two points that can be seen as separate entities
What’s the smallest size seen with light microscopes?
0.2 um to ( 2 x10-7 m)
What are the two types of electron microscopes?
Transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes
How do TEMS work?
A beam of electrons pass through as very thin slice of the sample. The beam is focused to produce an image
