B1 2 Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
Long molecules of DNA
How many chromosomes are there in the body?
46
What are genes?
Short sections of DNA that code for a specific characteristic
What are nucleotides made up of?
A sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group and a base.
What is transcription?
The process of creating mRNA
What is translation?
The process that creates proteins
What two things do enzymes do in reactions?
- build larger molecules from smaller ones (protein synthesis)
- break down large molecules into smaller ones (digestion)
What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in a) humans and b) plants?
a) 37
b) 25
What is metabolic rate?
The speed at which chemical reactions in your cells transfer energy from its chemical stores in food
What do amylase enzymes break down?
Starch
What are lipids, what are they used for and what are they made from?
a) Fats and oils that you eat
b) Store of energy and can be used for insulation and buoyancy
c) They are synthesised from 3 fatty acid molecules and a glycerol molecule
What is respiration?
The process of converting glucose into energy
What in the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
What does respiration do?
Transfers energy from its chemical store in glucose to Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What is ATP used for?
- make new materials
- movement
- stay warm
