Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology OCR GCSE > B1.1 Cell Structures > Flashcards

B1.1 Cell Structures Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

Genetic material contained within a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Genetic material floats within the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organelles that eukaryotic cells contain

A

Nucleus
Cell membranes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extra sub cellular structures found in plants not animal cells

A

Chloroplast
Cell wall
Vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Controls all the activities in the cell
Contains genetic material of organism arranged as chromosomes
Determines cell appearance and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mitochondria

A

Provides energy by respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

Delicate surface membrane made from 2 layers of phospholipid
Holds the cell together
Controls what goes in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Transfers energy, stores food
Jelly like substance where 100s of reactions take place making up metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell type that is relatively large 10 - 100 um

A

Eukaryotic cells
Plant and animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who discovered cells using his self designed microscope in 1665

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MRS GREN

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell type that is simple and typically smaller at 1 - 10um

A

Prokaryotic cells
Bacteria cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Tiny granules on membrane and in cytoplasm of cell
Ribosomes are where proteins are made in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chloroplast

A

Harnesses energy from the sun for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vacuole

A

Large cavity in plant cells filled with cell sap
Helps keep the cell rigid, pushing outwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cell wall

A

Surrounds the cell
Made from cellulose which is a tough rubbery fibre

17
Q

Archaea

A

Primitive bacteria-like organisms

18
Q

What is a plasmid and its advantage

A

Circular piece of DNA found in bacteria cells
Gives the bacterium advantages such as antibiotic resistance

19
Q

Pili

A

Tiny hair like structures that allow the cell to attach to structures, such as the cells in the digestive tract
Used to transfer genetic material between bacteria cells

20
Q

Function of a slime capsule

A

Protects bacteria from drying out and from poisonous substances
Helps bacteria stick to smooth surfaces

21
Q

Structures and organelles to find in a bacteria cell

A

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Flagella
Single loop DNA
Plasmids
Pili
Cytoplasm
Slime capsule

22
Q

3 examples of commonly found bacteria

A

E. coli - food poisoning
Streptococcus - sore throats
Streptomyces - bacteria in soil and used to develop antibiotic streptomycin

23
Q

Flagellum

A

Tail like structures that allow bacteria cells to move through liquids

24
Q

Parts of a light microscope

🔬

A

Lens
Coarse focussing wheel (top wheel)
Revolving nosepiece
Arm
Objectives
Stage
Fine focussing wheel (bottom wheel)
Mirror
Base
🔬

25
Q

Magnification equation triangle

A

image size
—————————————————
Magnification x size of actual object

26
Q

Resolution

A

Degree to which it is possible to distinguish between 2 objects that are very close together
Higher the resolution, the greater the detail you may see

27
Q

Types of electron microscope

A

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Examine extremely thin slice or section of cells or tissues
Revelled subcellular structures in cells not visible with a light microscope such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Large depth of field so can be used to examine surface structure of specimens
Produce a 3D image of a surface by bouncing a beam of electrons off a specimen

28
Q

millimetres (mm) to micrometers (um)

A

1mm = 1000um

29
Q

Why staining is used

A

Makes organelles more visible under the microscope,
because cells are transparent

30
Q

Light microscopes vs electron microscopes

A

Light microscopes:
Cheap to buy and operate
Small and portable
Simple to prepare sample
Natural colour of sample is seen unless staining is used
Specimens can be dead or living
Resolution up to 0.2 um

Electron microscopes:
Expensive to buy and operate
Large and difficult to move
Sample preparation is complex
Black and white images produced
Specimens have to be dead
Resolution up to 0.1 nm

31
Q

Type of microscope most used in schools

A

Compound microscope

Biology OCR GCSE (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions