B1.1 Flashcards
What are the components of a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates-energy Vitamins and minerals- good skin+bones Fats- warmth and release energy Fibre- keeps the digestive system moving Protein- growth Diary- strong bones
What are the effects of an unbalanced diet?
Too much; obesity, hormonal problems, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer
Too little; malnutrition, slow growth, fatigue, irregular periods, susceptible to infections
How does exercise effect the metabolic rate?
- decreases the amount of energy stored as fat
- helps boost it
What are 2 inherited factors that effect health?
- underactive thyroid gland, (lowers metabolic rate)
- blood cholesterol (increased)
One environmental factor which effects health.
Lock of food in developing countries
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that enter the body and cause diseases
Two examples of pathogens
Bacteria and viruses
How do bacteria make you feel ill?
They release toxins
How do viruses make us feel ill?
Damage our cells
Three ways the body protects against diseases?
consume them -White blood cells engulf foreign cells
produce antibodies -white blood cells comes across a foreign antigen
- they produce proteins called antibodies
- antibodies lock onto the antigen and kill them
Produce antitoxins -counteract toxins produced by invading bacteria
How do bacteria become resistant to antibodies?
-bacteria can mutate causing them to be resistant to antibiotics
How does the over use of antibiotics lead to resistance?
- bacteria becomes resistant due to mutations
- treating the infection, only the non resistant bacteria will be killed
- the resistant bacteria will survive
- then reproduce
- population of bacteria will increase
How do vaccinations work?
- injecting dead or inactive microorganism
- carrying antigens
- antibody then attack
- meaning if the same type of microorganism infers the body again, white blood cells know how to react, by producing antibodies to kill the pathogen
