B1 Topic 1 Variation Flashcards
Plants
Contain chlorophyll and are autotrophs. (Make their own food through photosynthesis). They are multicellular and have ridged cell walls.
Animals
They are heterotrophs (move around to find food). They are multicellular but don’t have cell walls or chlorophyll.
Fungi
They are saprophytes so they feed off dead organisms and decaying material. They’re multicellular, have a cell wall but no chlorophyll.
Protoctists
They’re unicellular (single celled) but have no nucleus.
Prokaryotes
They’re unicellular but they don’t have a nucleus.
Viruses
They are classed as non living so they are in no kingdom.
Phylum Chordata
Is made up of all animals that have a supporting rod like structure that goes up the back of the body.
Vertebrates and invertebrates
Vertebrates have a backbone and an internal skeleton. Invertebrates don’t.
Vertebrae groups
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. They are divided by how they absorb oxygen. How they reproduce. How they regulate their internal body temperature.
Classification
It is organising living organisms into groups. They classify them on how closely related they are to each other. The five kingdoms are plants, animals, fungi, protoctists, prokaryotes.
Variation
It is the differences within a species.
Genetic variation
Different genes cause genetic variation. The combining of genes from two parents causes genetic variation because no two of the same species are genetically identical.
Environmental variation
Environmental variation is caused by the environment that organisms live and grow in. E.g. Getting a sun tan due to the sun.
The factors it includes are diet, exercise, temperature, light level, amount of water etc.
Continuous and discontinuous variation
Continuous variation is when the individuals in a population vary within a range. Discontinuous variation is when there are two or more distinct categories.
Extreme environments
Organisms have to adapt to live in the deep sea. E.g larger eyes. In volcanic vents bacteria uses chemical energy to make it’s food. (Chemosynthesis). Polar bears have a compact shape to give them a small surface area therefore less heat is lost. White fur for camouflage and a thick white coat for keeping heat.