b1 - roles of organisations in health and social care services Flashcards
the public sector
- public sector organisations that provide hsc services are financed and directly managed by government
- majority of services are free, but service users do pay them through regular tax and national insurance
four organisations -
- NHS in England
- Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland
- NHS Scotland
- NHS Wales
range of services that are provided -
- primary health care - provided by GPs, dentists, opticians, pharmacists. normally accessed directly by service user
- secondary health care - most hospital services, mental health services and community health services. normally accessed by GPs who can make referalls. members of public and emergency services have direct access to A and E departments of hospitals
- tertiary health care - specialist and normally complex services. for example hospice support or specialist spinal injury units. referral is by health professionals who have identified the need
the public sector - NHS foundation trusts
- services are largely financed by government but they are independent organisations
- NHS foundation trusts are managed by board of governors which may include patients, staff, members of public etc.
- aim is to move decision making from centralised NHS to local communities, to respond to needs and wishes
- mental health services may be provided by GP, or support may be needed from more specialised providers
- mental health foundation trusts are managed by the community, members select governors who have responsibility for quality and range of care provided
- community health foundation trusts work with GPs and local social services departments to provide support
services provided by the trust may include -
- adult and community nursing services
- health visiting and school nursing
- physio, occupational and speech therapy
- palliative care
- urgent care centres
- specialist services, for example managing diabetes
- aim of community health foundation trust is to provide care that enables service users to live as independently as possible in the community
the public sector - adult social care
- people over 18 who have disabilities, mental health problems or are otherwise frail and cannot support themselves without assistance
support provided includes -
- care in the service user’s own home (cooking, cleaning, shopping etc.)
- day centres to provide care, stimulation and company
- sheltered housing schemes
- residential care for older people, those with disabilities or mental health problems
- respite care or short-term residential care
- training centres for adults with learning disabilities
- in some parts of the country, care trusts have been established that are responsible for both NHS mental health services and local authority provision
- primary care trusts have been launched to provide better continuity of care between NHS provision and social care support necessary for those with mental illnesses
the public sector - children’s services
- responsibility of local authorities
- aim is to support and protect vulnerable young people, their families and their carers
- local council’s children’s departments are required to work in close collaboration with other organisations, and with the NHS and education services
support for children and families can include -
- services to safeguard children who are at risk from abuse or harm
- day care for children under 5, and after school support for older children
- help for parents and carers with parenting skills
- practical help in the home
- support of a children’s centre
- arrangements for fostering and adoption
the public sector - GP practices
- first point of access to health and care provision
- extensive knowledge of medical conditions, also offer preventative care
- work in local communities to make initial diagnoses and refer individuals for further investigation
- GPs increasingly work as members of MDTs and also work closely with other agencies
- funded from central government as part of NHS, funded according to workload from patients
funding takes into account -
- age of patients
- gender
- levels of morbidity and mortality in the area
- number of people in residential or nursing homes
- patient turnover
practices receive further payments from NHS for -
- if they are deemed to give high quality service
- for certain additional services they may provide
- for seniority, based on length of service
- to support the cost of suitable premises and other necessary equipment
- to cover additional costs if the practice also dispenses medicines
voluntary sector
- organisations vary hugely in size, history and services
- rely heavily on charitable donations, may receive support from central or local government
- social services provided by voluntary sector are managed independently from government, government departments may pay charities to provide services on their behalf
- charities often provide services for NHS, adult social services, children’s services etc.
key features of a voluntary organisation are that they -
- are not run for personal profit, any surplus income is used to develop services
- usually use volunteers for at least some of their services
- are managed independently of central government or local authorities
- NCVO is the body that supports and promotes the work of the voluntary sector, with over 12,000 members
private sector
- provision is managed by commercial companies, organisations that need to make a profit in order to stay in business
providers work in all sectors, including provision of -
- private schools
- nurseries and pre-school services
- hospitals
- domiciliary day care services
- residential and nursing homes for older people
- mental health services
- companies often provide services for central government and local authorities
private sector companies are funded by -
- fees paid directly by service users
- payments from health insurance companies
- grants and other payments from central and local government for services provided on their behalf
the range of settings that provide health and care services - hospitals
- both inpatient and outpatient services
- outpatient includes regular clinics, day surgery, specialist daytime care etc.
- inpatient includes care for people who require 24 hour specialist support
- will normally be referred to hospital by GP
- service user has right to choose which hospital they attend as well as which consultant they would like to see
- clinical departments are organised according to medical speciality
- some hospitals have accident and emergency services
the range of settings that provide health and care services - day care centres / units
- provided for specific client groups
- day centres for older people, people with disabilities, people with learning difficulties, people with mental health problems and for those with specific conditions such as dementia
- designed to provide a friendly, stimulating and supportive environment
- normally offer educational facilities and support to help people progress into employment where possible
- may be provided by statutory, voluntary or private providers
the range of settings that provide health and care services - hospice care
- aims to improve quality of life for those with incurable illness
- care is available from diagnosis to the end of an individual’s life
- holistic care that provides for physical, social, emotional, spiritual and practical needs
- care may extend to support during the bereavement period
the range of settings that provide health and care services - residential care
- long-term care of adults and children needing 24 hour support, which cannot be appropriately provided in their own home
- usually specialist units providing care for specific client groups
two types of care home -
- residential care homes provide help with personal care such as washing
- nursing homes provide personal care as well as 24 hour nursing care by a qualified nurse
the range of settings that provide health and care services - domiciliary care
- care provided in clients home
- may be short term, such as support following discharge from hospital, or long term, for example for a frail older person
- can vary from one visit a day to 24 hour support, providing help with domestic tasks and personal care
services may include -
- delivery of meals
- help with cooking, gardening etc.
- making adaptations to the home
- providing company and arranging social activities
the range of settings that provide health and care services - the workplace
- occupational health services aim to keep a workforce fit and healthy so they can carry out their duties, or to assist employees in regaining fitness after illness or injury
- services are normally provided by employers, for example access to nurses or referral to doctors
