B1 Content Flashcards
What is ecology?
The study of ecosystems, communities,populations, and the abiotic and biotic factors that influence each other
Biotic
Living things (humans and all organisms)
Abiotic
Non-living things (water,soil,sun,air)
Population
A group of individuals from the same species that can reproduce
Community
Interaction of different populations
Ecosystem
A community and it’s physical and chemical environment
Ecotone
Transition area between ecosystems where organisms from both ecosystems interact
Ecological niche
An organism’s role in a ecosystem
Ex:
place in food web
Habitat
Breeding
Terrestrial niche
Helps us understand how organisms in an ecosystem interact with each other
Aquatic niche example
Great white shark
What are New (Exotic species)
And how do they arrive
They are new species that can cause a disturbance
They arrive from:
- Natural movement
- seed dispersal
- new routes
- human introduction
Biome
A large geographical region with a specific climate and the organisms that are adapted to that climate
What are the 4 major terrestrial biomes in Canada
1.Tundra
2.Tiaga
3.Temperature Decidous forest
4.Grassland
Two major aquatic biomes in Canada
Freshwater(lake,river,pond ecosystem)
Marine(ocean system)
Abiotic factors-terrestrial
- depth of soil
- soil nutrients
- light
- temperature
- water availability
Tundra
Northern regions have a layer of permafrost below the soil surface that never melts
What are the 4 soil layers
-Litter
- Topsoil
- Subsoil
- bedrock
Litter
- upper layer
- made up of small rocks and decaying plant and animal matter
Top soil
Beneath litter
Made up of small rocks and decaying plants and animal matter
Subsoil
Beneath topsoil
Made up of rock particles and small amounts of organic matter
Bedrock
Layer of rock that marks end of soil
Water table
Boundary between groundwater and soil that is unsaturated with water
Biotic limiting factors
Competition for resources
- Interspecific
- Infraspecific
Preditation
Parasites/disease
Interspecific
Between 2 different species
Intraspecific
Between the same species
Abiotic limiting factors
Water
Temperature
Sunlight
Oxygen
Taxonomy system
1: domain
2: kingdom
3: phylum
4: class
5: order
6: family
7: genus
8: species
Genetic diversity
Amount of variation in the inherited traits between individuals of the same species
Species diversity
Number of different species
Taxonomy
Classification system that infers relationships among organisms
The 3 domains
Eubacteria
Eukaryota
Archaebacteria
The 6 kingdoms of life
Animalia
Fungi
Eubacteria
Plantae
Protista
Archaebacteria
Archaea
Single-celled prokaryotic organisms that live in extreme environments
Bacteria
Single celled prokaryotic organisms that live in a wide range of habitats
Protista
Consists of both single and multi-celled eukaryotic organisms
Fungi
Single and multicelled eukaryotes that secrete enzymes to digest food
Plantae
Eukaryotic multi-celled organisms that use photosynthesis
Animalia
Eukaryotic multi-celled organisms that are heterotrophs
Phylogeny- history of evolution
Shows the relationship between organisms
Shows the evolution of animals
