b1 Flashcards
what is the metabolic rate
it is the fat to muscle ratio in your body, men usually have a higher metabolic rate than women. exercise can change the proportion
is the metabolic rate genetic?
yes mate
why do people who are very thin suffer from deficiency desieses?
because they don’t get enough mineral ions
what effects your cholesterol levels
your cholesterol levels are affected by exercise, regular exercise lowers your blood cholesterol levels. it helps balance out your different types of cholesterol.
how many types of cholesterol are there?
2 one is produces by eating fatty foods and not excersising and one by excersising
how is am infectious disease caused?
it is caused by microorganisms entering and attacking your body. the microorganisms that can cause disease are called pathogens, common pathogens are bacteria and viruses
what is the difference between bacteria and viruses
a bacteria is a single living organism that is much smaller than an animal or plant cell, although some cause disease most are harmless and some are really useful to us. we use them to make food like yoghurt and cheese, treat sewage and make medicine
viruses are even smaller than bacteria they usually have regular shapes they cause disease in every type of living organism from people to bacteria
how do pathogens cause disease
once bacteria and viruses are in your body they reproduce rapidly, this is how they make you ill, bacteria simply split in 2, they often produce toxins (poisons) which affect your body sometimes they directly damage your cells. viruses take over your body as they reproduce damaging and destroying the cells they very rarely produce toxins
what will happen if you don’t get s balanced diet?
you will become malnourished and if you don’t have enough minerals you will suffer deficiency diseases
what is a balanced diet?
A balled diet has the right balance of food types.
Why do people need different amounts of food
Because the metabolic rate changes from person to person
if the energy (food) taken is less than the energy used…
the person will lose mass
what is the metabolic rate
The speed of chemical reactions in cells, excersising increases it
what happens if you eat more food
your mass will increase
name 2 factors that affect metabolic rate
your parents genes and your exercise
describe the 2 types of cholesterol
The bad cholesterol can lead to heart disease, and you need good cholesterol for your cell membranes and to make vital substances
what are pathogens?
pathogens are microorganisms that cause infectious diseases
what do pathogens do inside the body?
reproduce rapidly and may produce toxins
what do viruses do
reproduce inside cells and damage them
what is a mutation and why is it. a problem
when a pathogen of virus changes to a new firm and not many people are immune to it so it spreads rapidly
how do vaccines work
they contain dead or inactive pathogens and encourage your white blood cells to produce antibiotics that destroy the pathogens
what is the nervous system
the nervous system allows humans to react to their surroundings and coordinates behaviour, receptors detect external stimuli, electrical impulses pass to the brain along neurons and the brain coordinates responses
what are reflex actions
reflex actions are rapid automatic responses to a stimulus, they protect us from damage
what is FSH?
It is made by the pituitary gland and causes the eggs to mature and oestrogen to be produced.
What is oestrogen
It is produced in the overs and inhibits (stops) the further production of FSH. It stimulates the production of LH and also stimulates the womb lining to develop to recieve the fertilised egg
what is LH
Luteinsisting hormone is made by the pituitary gland and stimulates the mature egg to be released from the ovary
How do white blood cells defend the body?
They can ingest pathogens. This means they digest and destroy them. They produce antibodies, to help destroy particular pathogens. They produce antitoxins to counteract the toxins (poisons) that pathogens produce.
how are most. pathogens prevented from getting in
the skin, mucus and stomach acid
Why are antibiotics only able to kill bacteria?
they can only kill bacteria because viruses reproduce inside the body’s cells, so any treatment could also damage the bodies cells