B1 Flashcards
What are Eukaryotic cells?
Cells that contain genetic material in a nucleus
Animal and plant cells
Larger (10 - 100 micrometers)
What are prokaryotic cells?
Genetic material floats in cytoplasm (no nucleus)
Bacteria
Smaller ( 1-10 micrometers)
What is the function of a nucleus?
▫️To contain genetic material - which codes for a particular protein ( arranged in chromosomes )
▫️to control cell activity
▫️
What is the function of the mitochondria?
▫️ contains enzymes for the site of respiration (aerobic)
What is the function of the cell membrane?
▫️contains receptor molecules for selective control of what enters and exits the cell
What is the function of cytoplasm?
▫️substance in which chemical reactions occur
▫️contains enzymes
What is the function of vacuole?
▫️keeps the cell rigid and upright
▫️contains cell sap
What is the function of Ribosomes?
▫️Site of protein synthesis
What is the function of chloroplast?
▫️site for photosynthesis
▫️contains chlorophyll 🟩 which transfers energy from the sun as light for photosynthesis
What is the function of the cell wall?
▫️Provides strength to the cell
▫️made of cellulose
Name some examples of prokaryotes:
Aka bacteria
🦠salmonella
🦠clostridium botrildum
🦠E- coli
🦠staphylococcus
What is the cell wall made out of in a prokaryote ?
Peptidoglycan
Describe prokaryotic genetic material?
▫️floating freely in the cytoplasm
▫️singular circular (chromosome )
♾
▫️controls cell activities
What are the functions of plasmids?
▫️small loops of extra DNA
▫️normally for things like drug resistance not essential
Why is the function of flagellum?
▫️Tails that allow the cell to move through liquids
What is the function of pilli?
▫️small hairs to attach to structures and transfer genetic material
What is the function of slime capsules?
▫️outmost layer
▫️protect from drying out
▫️helps cells to stick to smooth surfaces
Eyepiece lens
🔹at the very top
🔹used to see image
Objective lens
🔹normally three of them
🔹used to magnify the image
How do you observe cells through a microscope
🔹lower stage
🔹use Objective lens with lowest magnification
🔷first placed onto a slide, sometimes stained
🔹slip placed on top
🔹mounted onto the stage
🔹raise the stage to it’s highest position
🔹turn fine focus knob
What is the difference between fine focus and corse focus?
Corse focus lifts the stage
Fine focus adjusts the amount of light
How does a light microscope work?
Light shone onto object placed on stage .
Then through objective and eyepiece lens
What is total magnification?
Total magnification = objective lens magnification ✖️eyepiece lens
What is the magnification of an object
I A M
Image size = actual size ✖️magnification