B1(1.1-1.10) Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards
Name one advantage of using a light microscope.
-Cheap to make
-Can be used anywhere
-Allows you to see the outlines of cells
Name one disadvantage of using light microscopes.
-Not very detailed
Name one advantage of using electron microscopes
-Allows you to visualise finer details (including ORGANELLES)
-High magnification and resolution
-Greater resolving power (effects the detail shown)
Name one disadvantage of using electron microscopes
-Very expensive
-Very large
-Have to be kept in specially controlled rooms (temp, pressure, humidity)
State the equation that links: Magnification, Image size and Object (cell) size
Magnification= Image size/ Object (cell) size
What are the main parts of an animal cell? (5 points)
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Cell membrane
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
What are the main parts of a plant cell? (9 points)
-Cell membrane
-Ribosomes
-Cellulose
-Cell wall
-Mitochondria
-Cytoplasm
-(Permanent) vacuole
-Chloroplasts
-Nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus?
-Controls all activities in the cell
-Where DNA (Genetic Material) is enclosed
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
-The site where chemical reactions take place (watery solution)
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
-Controls what molecules go in and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria?
-The site at which aerobic respiration takes place
What is the function of the ribosomes?
-The site at which protein synthesis takes place
What is the function of the Chloroplasts?
-The site at which photosynthesis takes place
-Contains chlorophyll
What is the function of the Cell wall?
-To strengthen the cell
What is the function of the Vacuole?
-To give the plant cell its shape (filled with cell sap)
What are the two types of cells?
-Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
Define Eukaryotic cells.
-Contains genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus
List the two types of Eukaryotic cells.
-Animals
-Plants
Define Prokaryotic cells.
-the genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a nucleus
-(example of this is bacteria)
Define a plasmid.
-Small ring of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
-Codes for specific features (antibiotic resistance)
Define a flagella.
-A long protein strand in bacteria
-Used to move around
List three examples of specialised cells in animals.
-Sperm cells
-Muscle cells
-Nerve cells
List three examples of specialised cells in plants.
-Root hair cells
-Phloem cells
-Xylem cells
What is an enzyme?
-Biologic catalyst (speeds up the rate of reaction)
Define differentiation.
-the process by which a cell changes to become specialised
Define diffusion.
-the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a low concentration
Define osmosis
-the movement of water particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Define active transport
-Movement of particles from low concentration to a high concentration
