B1(1.1-1.10) Cell Structure and Transport

Question 1

Name one advantage of using a light microscope.

Answer 1

-Cheap to make
-Can be used anywhere
-Allows you to see the outlines of cells

Question 2

Name one disadvantage of using light microscopes.

Answer 2

-Not very detailed

Question 3

Name one advantage of using electron microscopes

Answer 3

-Allows you to visualise finer details (including ORGANELLES)
-High magnification and resolution
-Greater resolving power (effects the detail shown)

Question 4

Name one disadvantage of using electron microscopes

Answer 4

-Very expensive
-Very large
-Have to be kept in specially controlled rooms (temp, pressure, humidity)

Question 5

State the equation that links: Magnification, Image size and Object (cell) size

Answer 5

Magnification= Image size/ Object (cell) size

Question 6

What are the main parts of an animal cell? (5 points)

Answer 6

-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Cell membrane
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes

Question 7

What are the main parts of a plant cell? (9 points)

Answer 7

-Cell membrane
-Ribosomes
-Cellulose
-Cell wall
-Mitochondria
-Cytoplasm
-(Permanent) vacuole
-Chloroplasts
-Nucleus

Question 8

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

-Controls all activities in the cell
-Where DNA (Genetic Material) is enclosed

Question 9

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

-The site where chemical reactions take place (watery solution)

Question 10

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 10

-Controls what molecules go in and out of the cell

Question 11

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 11

-The site at which aerobic respiration takes place

Question 12

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 12

-The site at which protein synthesis takes place

Question 13

What is the function of the Chloroplasts?

Answer 13

-The site at which photosynthesis takes place
-Contains chlorophyll

Question 14

What is the function of the Cell wall?

Answer 14

-To strengthen the cell

Question 15

What is the function of the Vacuole?

Answer 15

-To give the plant cell its shape (filled with cell sap)

Question 16

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 16

-Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Question 17

Define Eukaryotic cells.

Answer 17

-Contains genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus

Question 18

List the two types of Eukaryotic cells.

Answer 18

-Animals
-Plants

Question 19

Define Prokaryotic cells.

Answer 19

-the genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a nucleus
-(example of this is bacteria)

Question 20

Define a plasmid.

Answer 20

-Small ring of DNA in a prokaryotic cell
-Codes for specific features (antibiotic resistance)

Question 21

Define a flagella.

Answer 21

-A long protein strand in bacteria
-Used to move around

Question 22

List three examples of specialised cells in animals.

Answer 22

-Sperm cells
-Muscle cells
-Nerve cells

Question 23

List three examples of specialised cells in plants.

Answer 23

-Root hair cells
-Phloem cells
-Xylem cells

Question 24

What is an enzyme?

Answer 24

-Biologic catalyst (speeds up the rate of reaction)

Question 25

Define differentiation.

Answer 25

-the process by which a cell changes to become specialised

Question 26

Define diffusion.

Answer 26

-the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a low concentration

Question 27

Define osmosis

Answer 27

-the movement of water particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 28

Define active transport

Answer 28

-Movement of particles from low concentration to a high concentration