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ICT > B061 1.0, ICT systems > Flashcards

B061 1.0, ICT systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ram

A

Random access memory

Main memory

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2
Q

List of inputs

A

Keyboard

Microphone

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3
Q

What is the CPU

A

central processing units

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4
Q

List outputs

A

Monitor

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5
Q

What is the Hard disk used for

A

Backing storage

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6
Q

How does the the system work?

A

Data is inputted via a input such as a keyboard then this is processed in the CPU and stored temporally in the RAM and then displayed on the output and can be saved into the hardrive (hard disk)

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7
Q

What is ROM used for and what does it stand for?

A

Read only memory and is used to store start up protocol and code required to run the computer

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8
Q

Hardware contained in a computer

A 
CPU
Main Internal memory 
Motherboard 
sound card 
Video card 
Input devices
Output devices 
backing storage
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9
Q

Mainframe Computers and there common uses

A 
Mathematical calculations
In banking to process statements 
Automatic recording systems 
stock control 
Driver and vehicle licensing agency
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10
Q

What are Supercomputers and what are they used for?

A

Used to perform complex calculations at extremely high speeds
Used in simulations such as the weather forecast
High cost due to the high quantity of hardware in the computer

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11
Q

What are embedded systems and what are they commonly used for?

A

Embedded systems are where an output from one system is an input to another such as monitoring production of items in factories

In vehicle to monitoring fuel consumption and how far the car goes per litre of petrol.

Microprocessors are used within washing machines to monitor the cycle

Cash machines

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12
Q

What is hardware

A

Physical components

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13
Q

Give some examples of simple input methods

A 
Keyboard entry 
mice or other pointing devices 
Touch screens 
Joysticks 
Webcams 
Microphones 
Remote controls 
Scanners 
Graphics tablets
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14
Q

Automatic input devices

A

Barcode readers
Chip and pin readers
Magnetic strip recognition

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15
Q

What are the main uses of output devices

A

To make physical copies
Soft copies on screens
Aural output from speakers headphones

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16
Q

List the common printers used to create physical copies

A

Inkjet printer
Laser printers
Plotter

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17
Q

list the common audio output devices

A

Speakers

Headphones

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18
Q

Visual output devices

A

Flat screen such as monitors
CRT monitor
Projection

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19
Q

Name the primary storage devices

A

ROM

RAM

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20
Q

List the advantages of magnetic tape storage

A

Relatively cheep data storage with a high storage capacity

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21
Q

List the disadvantages of magnetic tape storage

A

Slow to access data

Needs specialised equipment to access the data

22
Q

Advantages of flash memory sticks

A

Not as safe as other mediums such as floppy and CD’s

23
Q

Advantages of Compact disks

A

Small portable device and cheap to produce

Fast to access data compared with magnetic tape

Quiet large storage capacity

Most modern devices are usually fitted reading devices

24
Q

Disadvantages of Compact disks

A

Delicate devices
Less storage than hard disk or DVD
Slower to access hard disk drives

25
Q

Advantages of DVDs

A

Small and portable and cheep to purchase

26
Q

Disadvantages of DVDs

A

Easy to damage
Various kinds of DVD each needing hardware to use
Larger access time for internal or external hard disks

27
Q

What is a Network interface card and what is it used for?

A

This allows for the Computer to wirelessly connect to the modem

28
Q

What is a Modem and what is it used for

A

A device that converts analogue signal from the telephone lines into digital signals for input into computer. It also coverts digital signals from the computer into analogue signals for output purposes.

29
Q

What is a hub and what is it used for

A

A hub is a device for connecting many Ethernet cable type devices such as computers; it has several ports through which these devices are connected, and the data received is sent out again to all ports bar the input port.

30
Q

What is a router and what is it used for

A

These are used to determine the most efficient route for data transfer.Routers are also used in home networks environment so that internet can be shared by multiple computers

31
Q

What is a Switch and what is it used for

A

Also called intelligent hubs because the switch does the same job as a hub. However does not do the same automatically send traffic to every port but it determines the destination address of the data packets and uses switching to send it in ti the destination address only these are more efficient transfers than hubs

32
Q

What is a UI and name two common ones

A

GUI (graphical user interface)
Command line
A user interface is software to allow the user to navigate throughout the system.

33
Q

How does a GUI work

A

Uses high resolution graphics to create icons which are then selected to operate a specific task.

34
Q

What is GUI also referred to

A

WIMP interface

35
Q

Why is a GUI so so commonly used

A

Sue to large use of simplistic icons allows for quick and easy to navigate

36
Q

Advantages of GUI interface

A

The ability to customise to suit personal characteristics such as changing font size style and colours

The graphics help to make the systems use able as the associated images trigger long term memory rather than having to learn specific commands

Allows user to use multiple task at once this is done by transferring data between windows and running to task simultaneously

37
Q

GUI disadvantages

A

Uses large quantity of the systems resources such as the processor time and main memory

Uses a lot of storage to hold the vast amount of software code and images

38
Q

What is a command line interface and what does it do and who commonly uses it

A

This is a method of interacting with a computer operating system or with the software by typing commands to perform specific tasks. Experts due to the large quantities of commands to memorise

39
Q

Advantages of command line

A

Used by experts as considerable system knowledge is required

Fast operation as not many systems resources are needed and screen output is not complex

40
Q

Disadvantages of command line

A

Difficult for average users to operate due to lack of graphical display and limited help.

No undo function-if a directory or folder was deleted inadvertently the operation cannot be easily undone without additional utility programs

41
Q

What is Direct Neural interface and what does it do

A

A direct neural interface is often called the brain computer interface it is used where there is a need for a direct communication or link between an external device and the brain. The main application of this interface has been in restoring hearing, eyesight or physical movement this is new and advance.

42
Q

What is the utility software?

A 
Virus scanning software 
Automatic backup software 
File compression and disk defragmentation 
Firewall and security features 
Disk scan and detect and fix problems
43
Q

What are drivers and what are they used for

A

Software drivers give details to the operating system of how to communicate with each hardware device.

44
Q

Give some examples of Application software

A 
Word Processing software
Desktop Publishing 
Presentation Software
Spreadsheet Software 
Graphics Software 
Database Software 
Web Design Software
Web Browsing Software
Video Editing Software 
Animation Software 
Audio Editing Software
45
Q

List Programming Software

A 
Editor 
Compiler 
Debuggers 
Linkers 
Interpreters
46
Q

What does the programming software Editor do

A

Used in creation of source code this is commonly saved onto the hard disk of the computer as a text file
Uses keywords or instructions and contains comments written by the programmer to help with maintenance can use any of the multiple coding languages

47
Q

What does the programming software Compiler do

A

The source code created by the programmer is not understandable to the computer the software Compiler is used to change source code into object code which computers can respond to then that object code is converted to match the target computer that will run the software

48
Q

What does the programming software Debuggers do

A

Debugging software is used to test and find errors in the code of other programs
Once an error is detected it advises the user on how to sort the problem which has occurred

49
Q

What does the programming software Linkers do

A

This software links the objects created by the Compiler to construct a single executable program.

50
Q

What does the programming software interpreters do

A

This is used to execute the source code directly this therefore means the data doesn’t need to be compiled.
Runs slower than compiled data due to the fact that the program requires to be analysed before executed.

51
Q

Name the file types

A 
Image files- JPG,PNG,TIF,GIF 
Audio files-MP3,WAV,AAC,RAW 
Video Files-AVI,WMV,MP4
Text Files-RFT,DOC,XML,TXT
Executable Files-EXE

ICT (14 decks)

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