B: Worldviews in Conflict 9. Spain Looks Westward p. 192 Flashcards
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, almost everyone in Spain and the rest of Europe was what religion?
In 711 what happened to change this?
Christian
Spain was ruled by the Visigoths, a people who had invaded Spain from the north at the end of the Roman Empire. In 711, a Muslim force landed in Spain. In a few years, the Muslims conquered almost the entire Iberian Peninsula which is present-day Spain and Portugal. This Muslim rule lasted for five more centuries.
In time many Christians converted to Islam, but some did not.
Where was the first university of the world established? When?
Cairo in 971.
Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt which is part of the Islamic Empire.
Islamic Cairo or Medieval Cairo, officially Historic Cairo refers mostly to the areas of Cairo, Egypt, that were built from the Muslim conquest in 641
This shows that Muslims valued educational centers of learning, and were more advanced than European society.
Muslim and Jewish scholars translated the books and essays of the ancient Greeks. Muslim scholars discussed medicine and science. Natural science was better understood with the Muslims than with the Europeans.
In 750, present day Spain was what religion?
Islamic Empire was in Spain at that time. Spain and Portugal were the only part of Western Europe in the Islamic Empire then.
caliphate vs.
Christian Reconquista
area of jurisdiction of Islamic rulers
This area declined in Spain as the Christian controlled area began to expand southward.
Christian Reconquista began as a way for the Christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence. It was a war based on religious differences.
Over the years, many Christian crusaders from across Europe came to help the Spanish Christian forces win territory from the Muslims. By 1269, the only part of Spain that was Muslim was Granada. By 1492, it was captured finally after about 10 years of fighting.
What was the only territory that was in Muslim control in Spain?
Granada
Why did the Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain kick out many of the Muslims and Jews?
Because they believed it was their religious duty to spread Catholicism
What was the Christian Reconquista?
It is when the Catholic Church wanted to gain all Muslim land and turn it into Spanish Christian land
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
When the government (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain) took over the Spanish Reconquista from the Catholic Church
The Inquisition became a state-run system of courts where church officials put believers of religious ideas other than Catholicism on trial. Once the Reconquista was complete, Muslims and Jews were given the choice to convert or be exiled. Some decided to leave Spain and some pretended to convert. Both Muslims and Jews continued to live in constant fear that they would be discovered and punished by the Inquisition.
What negative effects did the expulsion of Jews and Muslims have on the Spain?
The Spanish economy plummeted because the non-Catholics made up most of the educated traders and bankers
What religious reason did Columbus go to explore?
The Muslims were spreading their religion so he needed to spread Catholicism. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella decided to support him finally in the name of religion.
Columbus promised that in the new lands there would be millions of people to convert to the Catholic religion.
Where was Christopher Columbus born?
Columbus was born in the Italian seaport of Genoa in 1451, to a family of wool weavers. He went to sea from an early age, and was an experienced sailor by his twenties.
He ended up sailing for the Spanish, so sometimes people think he was born in Spain, but this is not true.
Missionaries
men and women from religious orders, priests and other clergy, who had the authority to teach and convert people to Catholicism. Christian missionaries would forcibly convert millions of Indigenous peoples all over the world.
Why did the Aztecs need gold?
They needed gold to because they didn’t have enough money to go around
What were the 4 reasons that compelled the Spanish to explore?
Gold, glory, God, and adventure
What was the original goal for new Spain?
Get gold and get back to Spain
