B P2 C9 Principles of Drug Therapeutics, Pharmacogenomics, and Biologics

Question 1

_____, describes drug delivery to and removal from the target molecule and includes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion—collectively termed drug disposition.

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

_____, describes how the interaction between a drug and its molecular target(s) generates downstream molecular, cellular, whole-organ, and whole-body effects.

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics

Question 3

_____ describes the concept that individual variants in the genes controlling these processes contribute to variable drug actions

Answer 3

Pharmacogenetics

Question 4

_____ is often used to describe the way in which variability across multiple genes, up to whole genomes, explains differences in drug response among individuals and populations.

Answer 4

Pharmacogenomics

Question 5

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have proven invaluable both to demonstrate the efficacy of drug therapy and to identify rare but serious ADRs. One of the first examples of an RCT identifying an unexpected serious ADR was the _____, which tested the hypothesis that suppression of ventricular ectopic activity, a recognized risk factor for sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI), would reduce mortality; this notion was highly ingrained in cardiovascular practice in the 1970s and 1980s. In CAST, sodium channel–blocking antiarrhythmic drugs did sup- press ventricular ectopic beats but also unexpectedly increased mortality threefold

Answer 5

Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST)