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Nutrients Role & Function > B group vitamins > Flashcards

B group vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of thiamin, riboflavin and niacin (B1, B2, and B3)?

A

Assist with energy metabolism by converting CHO, Fat and Protein to energy

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2
Q

What are the main functions of pyridoxine, folic acid, and cyancobalamin (B6, B9 and B12)?

A

Assist with production of DNA, red blood cells and AA metabolism

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3
Q

What can destroy the availability of B vitamins?

A
  • cooking
  • food processing
  • alcohol
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4
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficiency is common in ??

A
  • those who consume ‘empty calories’
  • those with alcohol dependancy (alcohol impairs thiamin absorption and increases excretion)
  • malnourished
  • indigenous communities
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5
Q

Name 3 outcomes of thiamine (B1) deficiency?

A
  • fatigue
  • beriberi
  • wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (chronic alcohol abuse)
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6
Q

How long does it take for thiamin (B1) reservoir to be depleted?

A

2-3 weeks if low supply

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7
Q

What are food sources of thiamin (B1)?

A
  • meat
  • fortified bread/cereals
  • legumes
  • sweet potato
  • vegemite
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8
Q

Why is thiamin (B1) deficiency common in refeeding syndrome?

A

Thiamin used for CHO metabolism

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9
Q

What is the main role of riboflavin (B2)?

A

Part of several co-enzymes for energy production - also plays a role in endogenous antioxidant pathway as it is a co-enzyme for FAD required in this pathway

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10
Q

What is the main source of riboflavin (B2)? List some other sources.

A

Milk and milk products
Vegemite
Broccoli & green veg
Fortified bread & cereals

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11
Q

What are the 2 dietary compounds of niacin (B3)?

A
  • nicotinic acid
  • nicotinamide

= niacin equivalents

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12
Q

What can niacin (B3) be synthesized from?

A
  • niacin equivalents = 1mg equivalents = 1mg niacin

- tryptophan = 1mg niacin:60mg trpytophan

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13
Q

How can niacin (B3) be used as a supplement?

A

Supplement to lower LDL and raise HDL in conjunction with statins

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14
Q

What is commonly seen in niacin deficiency?

A

Pellagra - skin lesions, dark pigmentation, cracking and peeling

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15
Q

What are the 4 D’s of niacin deficiency?

A

Diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis, death

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16
Q

What are the main sources of niacin?

A
  • meat (liver and kidney)
  • eggs
  • nuts, oats, wheat bran
  • fortified breads & cereals
  • vegemite
  • tryptophan - eggs, beans, oily fish, cheese
17
Q

Why does inadequate iron, riboflavin and vitamin B6 (pyriodoxine) decrease the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A

They are cofactors for the enzymes required

18
Q

When can niacin become toxic?

A

When used as a supplement

19
Q

Explain how pyrioxidine (B6) can reduce CVD risk?

A

Converts homocysteine into cysteine (high levels of homocysteine associated with CVD)

20
Q

What is needed to prevent increased levels of homocysteine?

A

Pyroxidine (B6)
B12
Folate

21
Q

What are the main sources of Pyrioxidine (B6)?

A
  • meat, fish, poultry
  • starchy vegetables, fruit
  • fortified cereals
22
Q

What occurs in pyrioxidine (B6) deficiency?

A

Affects the skin, blood, nervous system

  • anaemia
  • neurological issues (confusion, depression)
  • patchy skin
23
Q

What are the main functions of folate?

A
  • assists with activation of B12 for DNA production
  • formation of neural tube in 1st trimester
  • breaks down homocysteine (risk factor for CVD)
24
Q

What occurs in folate (B9) deficiency?

A
  • megaloblastic anaemia
  • fatigue, SOB
  • neural tube defects
25
Q

What are the main sources of folate (B9)?

A
  • legumes
  • fruit
  • vegetables
  • mandatory fortification in bread
  • fortified cereals
26
Q

What are poor source of folate?

A

Meat (except liver) and dairy

27
Q

What is the NRV for folate?

A

EAR: 320ug, RDI 400ug
Pregnancy: EAR 520ug, RDI 600ug

28
Q

What are the main functions of cyancobalamin (B12)?

A

DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation (both in combination with folate)

29
Q

What are the main sources of cyancobalamin (B12)?

A

Animal products only

  • eggs
  • meat, poultry
  • fortified foods (milk alternatives, cereals)
30
Q

How does folate activate vitamin B12)

A

Vitamin B12 accepts a methyl (CH3) group from folate, activating B12

31
Q

What types of bread are fortified with folic acid? Which don’t?

A

All breads made from plain flour

Organic breads and those made from other cereal flours do not have to be fortified

32
Q

What is the role of iodine?

A

Component of thyroid hormone to regulate growth, development and metabolism

33
Q

What foods contain iodine?

A
  • plants grown in iodine rich soil
  • iodised salt & fortified bread
  • sea salt
  • seaweed
34
Q

What are the dietary sources of vitamin A?

A
  • vegetable oils
  • fruits
  • vegetables
35
Q

1ug retinol equivalent = how much B-carotene or a-carotene?

A

6ug B-carotene

12ug a-carotene

Nutrients Role & Function (11 decks)

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