b&b1 Flashcards
medial
towards the midline
lateral
away from the midline
rostral
towards nose and mouth
caudal
towards the tail
dorsal
back surface
ventral
front surface
ipsilateral
structures on the same side
contralateral
structures on the opposite side
Thalamus
located in Diencephalon, receives signals from sensory receptors, processes and transmits them to sensory cortex.
Hypothalamus
located in Diencephalon, controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, organizes behaviors related to survival of the species (four F’s)
Amygdala
Located in Telencephalon, part of the B.Gang and Limbic System, involved in everything emotion related
Hippocampus
Located in Telencephalon, part of the Limbic System, involved mainly in learning and short-term memory
Fornix
Located in Telencephalon, part of the Limbic System, bundle of axons that connect hippocampus with other regions of the brain.
Limbic System
Located in Telencephalon, circles the thalamus, contains Amygdala, Hippocampus, Fornix, Mammilary bodies, Cingulate cortex and Septum.
Basal Ganglia
Located in Telencephalon, involved in control of movement, reward and reinforcement, addictive behaviors, contains Nucleus accumbens, Caudate nucleus, Putamen and Globus pallidus.
Pituitary gland
Located in Diencephalon, a.k.a the master gland, has anterior and posterior parts. Controls most of the endocrine system.
Pineal gland
Located in Diencephalon, produces melatonin derived from seratonin, which regulates sleep
Tectum
Located in Mesencephalon, roof (dorsal surface) of the midbrain, divided into two parts: Superior colliculi that has a visual-motor function and Inferior colliculi that has an auditory function.
Tegmentum
Located in Mesencephalon, floor (ventral surface) of the midbrain, that has reticular formation and 3 different structures which are important for the sensorimotor system:
- Grey matter around the cerebral aqueduct (Periaqueductal grey)
- Substantia nigra
- Red nucleus
Pons
Located in Metencephalon, relays information to Cerebellum from cortex, also involved in sleep/arousal.
Cerebellum
Located in Metencephalon, controls precise and coordinated motor movements, speech, balance and posture by receiving sensory and movement information and from the body and “smoothens them out” for the motor outflow.
Medulla
Also called Myelencephalon, controls vital functions such as cardiovascular, respiratory and skeletal systems, carries signals between body and the brain. Has reticular formation.
Corpus Callosum
Unites the perceptions and memories of the left and right hemispheres, so each region of the association cortex knows what’s happening in opposite sides of the brain.
Left Hemisphere / Right Hemisphere
Lateralization in the Cerebral Cortex
Left: analysis; recognizing serial events, sequences, talking, understanding speech etc.
Right: synthesis; putting elements together, sketches, constructing complex objects from smaller pieces.
Frontal lobe function
Executive processes; Voluntary behavior such as decision making, planning, problem–solving, and thinking, voluntary motor control, cognition, intelligence, attention, language processing and comprehension
Temporal lobe function
Recognition
Perception (hearing, vision, smell)
Understanding language
Learning and memory
Occipital lobe function
Vision
Parietal lobe function
Perception and integration of somatosensory information; touch, pressure, temperature, and pain, spatial mapping
