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Azure > Azure Infrastructure > Flashcards

Azure Infrastructure Flashcards

1
Q

Explain an Azure Availability Set?

A

An Azure Availability Set is a logical grouping of VMs that helps maintain availability during hardware failures or system updates. The availability sets virtual machines across the fault and updates domains.

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2
Q

How do Azure Availability Sets improve availability?

A

Ensures VMs are distributed across multiple fault domains and update domains, reducing the impact of hardware failures or planned maintenance.

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3
Q

What is fault domain in an Availability Set?

A

A fault domain is a physical location within a datacenter, representing a group of VMs that share a common power source and network switch.

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4
Q

What is an update domain in an Availability Set?

A

An update domain is a group of VMs that can undergo reboot or maintenance simultaneously to ensure service continuity.

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5
Q

How many fault domains can an Availability Set have?

A

Availability Sets can have up to 3 fault domains.

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6
Q

How many update domains can an Availability Set have?

A

Availability Sets can have up to 20 update domains.

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7
Q

Can a VM belong to an Availability Set and Scale set simultaneously?

A

No, they serve different products

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8
Q

For a Availability Set what does an update domain represent?

A

It represents a group of VMs that may be rebooted at the same time during maintenance.

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9
Q

How do Availability Sets protect against hardware failures?

A

By distributing VMs across fault domains, they minimize the impact of hardware failures.

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10
Q

How do Availability Sets help during planned maintenance?

A

By distributing VMs across update domains, they ensure not all VMs are rebooted at the same time during maintenance.

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11
Q

Can Availability Sets span across multiple regions?

A

No, Availability Sets are confined to a single region within Azure.

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12
Q

What is the recommended use case for Availability Sets?

A

Availability Sets are ideal for workloads that require high availability within a single region.

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13
Q

Do Availability Sets provide disaster recovery?

A

No, Availability Sets do not provide disaster recovery; they only improve availability within a single region.

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14
Q

Can VMs in an Availability Set be scaled using Virtual Machine Scale Sets?

A

No.

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15
Q

Explain Availability Sets

A

Availability Sets distribute VMs within a zone into the fault domain in the zone.

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16
Q

What is the primary use of Azure Scale Sets?

A

To deploy and manage a group of identical, load-balanced VMs.

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17
Q

What feature of Scale Sets ensures high availability?

A

Automatic distribution of VMs across fault and update domains.

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18
Q

How does Scale Sets enable elastic scalability?

A

By automatically increasing or decreasing the number of VMs based on demand.

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19
Q

What is a common use case for Scale Sets?

A

Hosting large-scale stateless applications, containerized workloads, and microservices.

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20
Q

What feature does Scale Sets support to reduce costs?

A

Integration with Spot VMs to use surplus capacity at lower cost.

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21
Q

How do Azure Scale Sets integrate with load balancing?

A

They work with Azure Load Balancer to distribute incoming traffic across VMs.

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22
Q

What types of disks are supported in Scale Sets?

A

Managed Disks, including Standard HDD, Standard SSD, and Premium SSD.

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23
Q

How do Scale Sets improve resilience?

A

They support automatic OS and application updates without downtime.

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24
Q

What network configurations can Scale Sets use?

A

They support both public and private virtual network configurations.

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25
Q

How do Scale Sets handle scaling policies?

A

They can scale based on custom metrics, scheduled events, or CPU usage.

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26
Q

What is the maximum number of VMs a Scale Set can have?

A

Up to 1,000 VMs when using managed disks.

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27
Q

Can Azure Scale Sets work with virtual machine extensions?

A

Yes, they support extensions to install and configure software after deployment.

28
Q

How does Scale Sets integrate with Azure monitoring?

A

It integrates with Azure Monitor to provide performance metrics and logs.

29
Q

What is the role of health probes in Azure Scale Sets?

A

They ensure traffic is only directed to healthy VMs in the set.

30
Q

Can Azure Scale Sets be used with containers?

A

Yes, they support Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) for container orchestration.

31
Q

What is an Azure Placement Group?

A

An Azure Placement Group is a logical grouping used for distributing virtual machines in availability sets or scale sets across different fault domains and update domains.

32
Q

How many VMs can be placed in a single placement group for an availability set?

A

Up to 100 VMs can be placed in a single placement group for an availability set.

33
Q

What is the purpose of using Azure Placement Groups?

A

The purpose is to ensure high availability by distributing VMs across fault domains and update domains.

34
Q

Can Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets span multiple placement groups?

A

Yes, scale sets can span multiple placement groups to support more than 100 VMs.

35
Q

What is the fault domain and update domain alignment within a placement group?

A

Each placement group ensures that VMs are distributed across the same fault domains and update domains.

36
Q

How do placement groups impact VM performance?

A

Placement groups can reduce network latency by keeping related VMs close together in the same physical server group.

37
Q

Can placement groups be used for both Azure VMs and scale sets?

A

Yes, placement groups are used for both Azure VMs in availability sets and in Virtual Machine Scale Sets.

38
Q

What is the benefit of using placement groups in terms of networking latency?

A

By placing VMs in the same group, networking latency between the VMs can be minimized.

39
Q

How does Azure handle VM failures within a placement group?

A

Azure attempts to restart failed VMs within the same placement group to maintain high availability.

40
Q

Can you control placement group distribution for VMs in the portal?

A

Yes, placement group distribution can be controlled in the Azure portal during the VM configuration.

41
Q

What is the max fault domain count in a placement group?

A

The max fault domain count in a placement group is 3 for availability sets.

42
Q

How does placement group placement affect zonal availability?

A

Placement group alignment ensures that VMs in the same group are available across zones in zonal deployments.

43
Q

What is the relationship between a placement group and a load balancer?

A

A load balancer can be associated with VMs in a placement group to distribute traffic across fault and update domains.

44
Q

How do you configure placement groups for zonal deployments?

A

To configure placement groups for zonal deployments, you need to specify the zone during the deployment of the scale set or VM.

45
Q

What are the key considerations when using placement groups in a large scale set?

A

When using placement groups in a large scale set, ensure you properly distribute instances across groups to avoid fault domain and update domain saturation.

46
Q

What is an Azure Availability Zone?

A

An Azure Availability Zone is a physically separate location within an Azure region, designed to provide high availability and fault isolation.

47
Q

How do Azure Availability Sets differ from Availability Zones?

A

Availability Sets are specific to a single data center in a region, while Availability Zones are physically separated locations within a region.

48
Q

What are the main components of an Azure Region?

A

An Azure Region is a set of data centers located within a specific geographic area, linked through a low-latency network.

49
Q

How does Azure define Fault Domains?

A

Fault Domains are a logical group of hardware that share a common power source and network switch, helping isolate failures.

50
Q

What is the purpose of Update Domains in Azure?

A

Update Domains ensure that only a portion of the VMs in a service are rebooted during planned maintenance events.

51
Q

How do Fault Domains enhance availability?

A

Fault Domains provide physical isolation of workloads across different racks in a data center, reducing the impact of localized failures.

52
Q

What is the difference between Fault Domains and Update Domains?

A

Fault Domains isolate failures in hardware, while Update Domains stagger updates to prevent downtime from affecting all resources simultaneously.

53
Q

How do Azure Regions help with disaster recovery?

A

Azure Regions enable disaster recovery by allowing workloads to be replicated or failed over to another region in the event of a regional outage.

54
Q

What is the benefit of using Availability Zones for durability?

A

Availability Zones provide durability by distributing resources across physically separate locations, reducing the risk of localized failures.

55
Q

How do Availability Sets help maintain service availability?

A

Availability Sets protect applications from hardware failures by distributing VMs across multiple Fault and Update Domains within a data center.

56
Q

What is the purpose of zonal and regional architecture in Azure?

A

Zonal and regional architecture in Azure helps to increase availability and disaster recovery by distributing services across multiple zones or regions.

57
Q

How does Azure ensure high availability for VMs?

A

Azure ensures high availability for VMs by distributing them across Availability Zones, Availability Sets, and Update/Fault Domains.

58
Q

What are the key features of Azure for disaster recovery?

A

Key features include replication, geographic distribution, and failover capabilities through Availability Zones, Regions, and paired regions.

59
Q

How does Azure infrastructure manage hardware failures?

A

Azure manages hardware failures through Fault Domains, Availability Sets, and automated VM recovery processes.

60
Q

What is the relationship between Availability Zones and Regions?

A

Availability Zones are separate locations within a Region, providing redundancy, while Regions are larger geographic clusters of multiple data centers.

61
Q

Describe the logical constructs that make up a region in Azure?

A
  1. Region
  2. Availability Zones
  3. Fault zones
  4. Update zones
62
Q

Within an Azure region, we have Zones; what are the logical units thet make up the zones?

A
  1. Fault Zone
  2. Update Zone
63
Q

If I have an Azure Availability Set with two fault domains, three Update domains, and nine virtual machines during a planned maintenance, how many VM are still working?

A

Six

64
Q

If I have an Azure Availability Set with two fault domains, three update domains, and nine virtual machines during a fault zone failure maintenance, how many VM are still working?

A

Six

65
Q
A

Azure (52 decks)

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