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Azure > Azure CosmoDB > Flashcards

Azure CosmoDB Flashcards

1
Q

What is Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Azure Cosmos DB is a globally distributed, multi-model database service that offers low-latency and high-availability.

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2
Q

What are the key models supported by Azure Cosmos DB?

A

It supports multiple data models such as key-value, document, graph, and column-family.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of Cosmos DB in Azure architecture?

A

The purpose of Cosmos DB is to provide globally distributed, low-latency access to NoSQL and relational data with high availability.

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4
Q

What are the major use cases for Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Real-time IoT data processing, retail transactions, social media analytics, gaming leaderboards.

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5
Q

How does Azure Cosmos DB ensure high availability?

A

By replicating data globally across multiple regions and offering SLAs for 99.999% availability.

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6
Q

What are the primary data consistency levels in Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Strong, Bounded Staleness, Session, Consistent Prefix, and Eventual consistency.

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7
Q

What is the default consistency level in Cosmos DB?

A

Session consistency is the default level, providing a balance between performance and consistency.

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8
Q

How is data ingested into Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Data is ingested through RESTful APIs, SDKs, and data migration tools like Azure Data Factory.

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9
Q

What is the maximum data size for a single Cosmos DB partition?

A

The maximum size for a single partition is 20 GB.

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10
Q

What is a partition key in Azure Cosmos DB?

A

A partition key is a unique value used to distribute data across multiple partitions for scalability.

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11
Q

How does Cosmos DB store data?

A

Cosmos DB stores data across distributed partitions and retains it based on the storage capacity you configure.

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12
Q

What are the main governance features of Cosmos DB?

A
  1. role-based access control (RBAC),
  2. Azure Policy integration, 3. Auditing through Azure Monitor.
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13
Q

How does Cosmos DB achieve scalability?

A

It achieves scalability through automatic partitioning of data and horizontal scaling across multiple regions.

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14
Q

How is security managed in Cosmos DB?

A

Security is managed through encryption-at-rest, encryption-in-transit, VNET isolation, and identity-based access control.

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15
Q

What unit of measurement is Cosmo DB using to measure messing throughput

A

Throughput is measured in Request Units (RUs), and determines the cost of operations on the database.

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16
Q

How does Azure Cosmos DB optimize performance?

A

Through features like Request Units (RUs) per second and the use of SSD storage to ensure low-latency operations.

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17
Q

What are the disaster recovery options in Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Automatic regional failover, multi-region writes, and geo-replication for business continuity.

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18
Q

What Azure services can be integrated with Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Azure Functions, Azure Synapse, Azure Event Hubs, and Power BI can be integrated with Cosmos DB.

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19
Q

How does Cosmos DB ensure data durability?

A

Cosmos DB ensures durability through automatic backups and geo-replication.

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20
Q

What is a key feature of Cosmos DB’s global distribution?

A

It allows data to be transparently replicated to any number of Azure regions globally.

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21
Q

How does Cosmos DB handle multi-region writes?

A

Cosmos DB supports multi-region writes for applications that require high availability and low-latency writes.

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22
Q

What is the primary benefit of partitioning in Cosmos DB?

A

Partitioning allows Cosmos DB to scale horizontally by distributing data across multiple servers.

23
Q

Are backups manual and what is retention period?

A

It offers automated backups, with a retention period of up to 30 days.

24
Q

What does Azure Cosmos DB provide SLA guarantees on?

A

Cosmos DB offers SLAs for throughput, latency, consistency, and availability.

25
Q

What are request units (RUs) in Cosmos DB?

A

Request Units represent the throughput of Cosmos DB, and every operation consumes a specific number of RUs.

26
Q

What are the performance tiers in Cosmos DB?

A

Provisioned throughput and Autoscale and serverless

27
Q

What is Cosmos DB Autoscale?

A

Autoscale automatically scales the throughput (RUs) of a database based on workload demands.

28
Q

What is the Cosmos DB latency for W and R?

A

Cosmos DB is designed to provide single-digit millisecond latency for both reads and writes.

29
Q

What is a replica set in Cosmos DB?

A

A replica set in Cosmos DB consists of multiple copies of the data distributed across regions.

30
Q

What is the consistency guarantee in Azure Cosmos DB?

A

Cosmos DB guarantees consistency across replicas based on the selected consistency model.

31
Q

What disaster recovery mechanism is provided by Cosmos DB?

A

Cosmos DB offers automatic regional failover for disaster recovery.

32
Q

What is the primary function of multi-region replication in Cosmos DB?

A

It ensures high availability and low-latency access by replicating data across multiple regions.

33
Q

Why does Cosmos DB integrate with Azure Active Directory?

A

It integrates with Azure AD to provide identity-based access control and RBAC.

34
Q

What feature ensures Cosmos DB data consistency across regions?

A

Cosmos DB offers multiple consistency levels, allowing you to control the tradeoff between consistency and performance.

35
Q

What is the main benefit of Cosmos DB’s serverless option?

A

The serverless option allows you to pay only for the resources consumed, making it cost-effective for intermittent workloads.

36
Q

What is the role of change feed in Cosmos DB?

A

Change feed allows you to track updates and inserts in the database and process them in real-time using Azure Functions and Azure Event Grid. Delete is not supported.

37
Q

Is the cross region replication manual and why perform cross region replication?

A

Cosmos DB uses automatic, transparent cross-region replication to ensure data availability.

38
Q

What role does TTL (Time to Live) play in Cosmos DB?

A

TTL automatically deletes expired data based on a time-to-live setting for a collection or item.

39
Q

What query languages are supported in Cosmos DB?

A

Cosmos DB supports SQL queries, MongoDB API, Gremlin for graph queries, and more.

40
Q

What are Azure Cosmos DB APIs?

A

Cosmos DB supports multiple APIs, including SQL, MongoDB, Gremlin, Cassandra, and Table API.

41
Q

What is the role of Cosmos DB’s indexing feature?

A

Cosmos DB automatically indexes all data for fast query performance without requiring schema or index management.

42
Q

What is the Cosmos DB Free Tier?

A

The Free Tier provides 400 RUs and 5 GB of storage for free to help new users start using the service.

43
Q

What is a Gremlin API in Cosmos DB?

A

Gremlin API is used for graph-based data modeling and queries within Cosmos DB.

44
Q

How is geo-fencing achieved in Cosmos DB?

A

Geo-fencing is implemented through region selection and data residency policies, ensuring data stays within specific geographic regions.

45
Q

What tool can be used for migrating data to Cosmos DB?

A

Azure Database Migration tool can be used to migrate data into Cosmos DB.

46
Q

How does Azure Monitor support Cosmos DB?

A

Azure Monitor provides metrics, logging, and alerts to monitor the health and performance of Cosmos DB instances.

47
Q

Why does Cosmos DB integrate with Azure Synapse?

A

Cosmos DB integrates with Synapse to enable big data analytics on Cosmos DB data using SQL and Spark.

48
Q

Describe CosmoDB

A

Fully managed, distributed NoSQL, relational, and vector database for modern app development. High performance, high availability, and support for open-source PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Apache Cassandra. Build cloud-native apps effortlessly.

49
Q

When using CosmoDB, what API would I use for json document

A
  1. SQL
  2. Mongo
50
Q

When using CosmoDB, what am I storing when I use table?

A

Key/value

51
Q

When using CosmoDB what am I storing when I use casanfra?

A

Colum based data

52
Q

When using CosmoDB and Gremlin, what am I storing?

A

Graph database, using edges and vitric

53
Q

When using CosmoDB , what type of database is Casandra database?

A

Colum based data

54
Q

What backup features are available for CosmoDB?

A

Azure Cosmos DB offers robust backup and restore features to safeguard your data against accidental deletions, updates, or other unforeseen events. The primary backup options are:

  1. Periodic Backup Mode: In this default mode, Azure Cosmos DB automatically performs full backups of your data every four hours, retaining the two most recent backups. These backups are stored in Azure Blob Storage within the same region as your write region and are geo-replicated for resiliency. Restoration from these backups requires submitting a support request to the Azure Cosmos DB team.
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  2. Continuous Backup Mode: This mode enables point-in-time restore (PITR) capabilities, allowing you to recover data to any specific moment within a defined retention period. Continuous backups are taken in every region where your Azure Cosmos DB account exists. There are two tiers available:

7-Day Retention Tier: Provides continuous backups with a retention period of seven days at no additional cost.
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30-Day Retention Tier: Offers a longer retention period of 30 days, with associated costs for backup storage and restore operations.
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With continuous backup mode, you can restore data to a new or existing account, depending on your requirements. This feature is particularly useful for recovering from accidental writes, deletions, or restoring deleted accounts, databases, or containers.
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Key Considerations:

Backup Storage Redundancy: By default, backups are stored in locally redundant storage (LRS). If your account has availability zones enabled, backups are stored in zone-redundant storage (ZRS).
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Restore Operations: Restoring data from continuous backups can be performed via the Azure portal, Azure CLI, Azure PowerShell, or Azure Resource Manager templates. The duration of the restore process depends on the amount of data being restored.
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Pricing: The 7-day retention tier does not incur additional charges for backup storage. The 30-day retention tier incurs costs based on the amount of data backed up and the number of regions. Restore operations in both tiers are billed based on the amount of data restored.
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