Azole derivatives

Question 1

Azole derivatives (2 groups)

Answer 1

Diazole compounds

Triazole compounds

Question 2

Diazole compounds (3 drugs)

Answer 2

Clotrimazole
Econazole
Ketoconazole

Question 3

Triazole compounds (4 drugs)

Answer 3

Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Posaconazole
Voriconazole

Question 4

Azole derivatives that can be adm IV (2 drugs)

Answer 4

Fluconazole

Voriconazole

Question 5

Azole drugs that cannot be used with drugs that decrease gastric acid (3 drugs)

Answer 5

Ketoconazole
Itraconazole
Posaconazole

Question 6

Only azole drug used for fungal meningitis

Answer 6

Fluconazole (both prophylaxis and treatment)

Question 7

Azole drugs - adverse effects

Answer 7

Birth defects

Systemic adm: Hepatic injury, hematopoietic toxicity

Question 8

Azole drugs - interactions

Answer 8

Inhibits metabolism of:
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Some benzodiazepines 
Quinidine
Warfarin

Question 9

Azole drugs - contraindications

Answer 9

Pregnancy (Cat D for longterm, high doses. Cat C for short term, vaginal)

Question 10

Itraconazole - indications

Answer 10

Systemic mycoses: Blastomycosis, histoplasmosis.

Superficial mycoses: onychomycosis (nails)

Question 11

Itraconazole - amdinistration

Answer 11

Orally in pulse dosing

Question 12

Fluconazole - indications

Answer 12

Cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS
Mucocutaneous and disseminated candidiasis
UTI by candida

Question 13

Azole drug for single dose adm for acute vaginal candidiasis (1 drug)

Answer 13

Fluconazole

Question 14

Second generation triazoles (2 drugs)

Answer 14

Voriconazole

Posaconazole

Question 15

Voriconazole - indications

Answer 15

Invasive aspergillosis
Esophageal candidiasis
Invasive candidiasis

Question 16

Voriconazole - interactions

Answer 16

Additive activity with caspofungin (used for treatment of invasive aspergillosis)

Question 17

Voriconazole - adverse effects

Answer 17

Visual disturbances (altered light perception, chromatopsia, photophobia).
Increased liver enzymes, liver failure (with death sometimes)

Question 18

Posaconazole - indications

Answer 18

Systemic infections not responding to other agents (aspergillus, fusarium, rhizopus, mucormycosis)

Question 19

Which azole drug has higher incidence of drug interactions

Answer 19

Ketoconazole

Question 20

Ketoconazole - indications and adm

Answer 20

Adm topical for seborrheic dermatitis

Question 21

Clotrimazole and econazole - indications

Answer 21

Candida (mouth, throat, vagina, vulva)
Tinea versicolor
Tinea pedis, tinea cruris

Question 22

Clotrimazole and econazole (+other topicals) are not effective for…

Answer 22

Tinea capitis

Tinea unguium/onychomycosis

Question 23

Azole drugs - MOA

Answer 23

Inhibits 14α-demethylase, and conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol