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Product development > Axiomatic Design > Flashcards

Axiomatic Design Flashcards

1
Q

What is axiomatic design?

A
  • A design theory based in basic principles related to product properties and characteristics
  • Evaluation od decision consequences must be based on basic axioms
    —>product focus
    —> prescriptive

Hierarchic functional and physical top down composition supporting synthesis

Functional coupling

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2
Q

descriptive method?

A

describing how things are done in practice

  • guidlines
  • not so precise of how and when?
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3
Q

prescriptive method?

A

Exactly what should to and how to do it

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4
Q

what is design?

A

An interaction process where we are going between WHAT (functional requirements) we and to a achieve and HOW (design p?) we will achieve this

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5
Q

Axiomatic hierarchic FR-DP decomposition?

A

mapping between functional domain to the physical domain

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6
Q

what is functional interference?

A

When two functions realized by the solution is coupled or functionally dependent

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7
Q

what is good characteristics?

A

Axiom 1.
The independence axiom:
- maintain independence between functional requirements and solutions

Axiom 2.
The information axiom:
—> simplicity
—> minimize the information content

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8
Q

definition of an axiom?

A

Principals always true and impossible to falsify

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9
Q

physical integration?

A

Might be good but not always

- To inegrate to uncoupled functional requirement is good according to

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10
Q

what is design parameters?

A
  • Functional carrier
  • Organ
    —>
  • Means
  • Design solution
  • Functional feature
  • Product/Systems
  • sub-systems
  • Component
  • Design features

NOT the same thing as a component structure,
might be e.g.a hole

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11
Q

map between functional domain and physical domain?

A 
E.G.
FRs:
-Toast bread
—> heat bread
—> handle bread
—> carry parts
DPs:
- Toaster
—> heating systems
—> Load/eject system
—> Chassis

Each FRs can map to one DPs

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12
Q

Most important:

A
  1. FRs and DPs shall be functionally independent

2. Minimize the number of FRs and DPs

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13
Q

Functional coupling analysis?

A

Linear systems?

If DPs influences all FRs
—> axiom 1 is not fulfilled
—> completely coupled design
—> functional interferences

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14
Q

Uncoupled design?

A

diagonal symmetric a matrix —> each DP influences only its own FR —> axiom 1 is fulfilled

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15
Q

Semi-coupled design?

A

lower symmetric matrix(?)

Each FR can be fulfilled “independently” of each other if it is for in correct order”

  • use boundary conditions e.g.
  • axiom 1 is fulfilled
  • rather robust
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16
Q

design synthesis and analysis?

A
  • non-zero coefficient if the DP effect the FR
  • zero coefficient if DP do NOT affect FR
  • make lower triangular—> the most zeros in row 1
  • if not lower triangular is possible? —> ?
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17
Q

More FR:s than DPs?

A

Theorem 2

  • The design solution is coupled
  • All FRs can not be fulfilled
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18
Q

Theorem 2?

A

More FRs than DPs but triangular sub-matrix

—> solution can be decoupled by adding DPs so that the number of FRs= the number of DPs

19
Q

More DPs than FRs?

A
  1. Uncoupled solution but DP3 has no function or influence at all —> unnecessary
  2. redundant design
  3. coupled design
20
Q

Theorem 3?

A

If the number of DPs bigger than FRs the design solution is coupled orreduntant

21
Q

Theorem 4?

A

The ideal design solution the

- FR=DP

22
Q

Theorem 5?

A

If FRs for an existing design solution are changed or added, the existing solution can not fulfill the new FRs
A new/ modified solution must be developed

23
Q

What does Axiomatic design synthesis strive for?

A

Uncoupled or semi-coupled design solutions

- diagonal or triangular matrices

24
Q

Axiomatic design analysis and evaluation?

A
  1. set up the design equation and determine design matrix
  2. Analyze the design matrices and their couplings
  3. Change solutions and remove seven couplings
  4. determine coupling degree
  5. Compare different solutions design matrices
25
Q

Name 4 points of departure for the scientific base!

A
  1. A design decision influences all product life cycle phases and particularly the downstream steps in the product development process
  2. A base for design science must contain principles and methods supporting decision making
  3. Evaluation of decision consequences must be based on axioms
  4. Products and processes are hierarchic and can be decomposed in Hierarchic structures
26
Q

What is functional requirements? (FRs)

A

The goal (WHAT) is specified in the functional domain

27
Q

what is design parameters? (Dp?

A

Solutions (HOW) fulfilling the goal are generated and defined in the physical domain

28
Q

Axiom 1? (the independence axiom?

A

Maintain the independence of functional requirements and solutiona

29
Q

Axiom 2 (the information axiom)

A

Minimize the information content

30
Q

When can it be GOOD to integrate two uncouple design solutions?

A

To integrate two uncoupled design solutions which fulfill their own FRs without influencing the fulfillment of each others FRs negatively IS GOOD according to axiom 2 (simplify)

31
Q

When can it be NEGATIVE to integrate two uncouple design solutions?

A

To integrate and thereby functionally couple two design solutions, so they will influence the fulfillment of each others FRs negatively is BAD according to axiom 1 (independence of requirements and solutions)

32
Q

Give an example with the hammer head!

A

FR1=Hit nails
FR2= remove nails

hammer with integrated nail remover and hitting surface

Good according to axiom 2
—> less complexity

“Bad” according to axiom
—> dependent solutions

33
Q

when you have more design parameters than components?

A

Integration of function carriers (organs) /design parameters

34
Q

when you have more components than design parameters?

A

A function is realized by interacting components

35
Q

Is a DP structure the same thing as a component?

A

NO

- for example a clearance seal empty space) might be a design parameter but is NOT a component

36
Q

Describe the functional structure of a toaster!

A 
Toast bread
- Heat bread
—> generate heat
—> connect electricity
—> control heat
- Handle bread
—> eject bread
—> hold bread
- Carry parts
—> hold parts
—> Cover parts
37
Q

Discrive physical structure of a toaster!

A 
Toaster
- Heating system
—> hot wire
—> connecting system
—> timer
- Load/Ejectc
—> spring ejector
—> wier box
- Chassis
—> frame
—> cover
38
Q

Concept generation strategy? with FR & DP

A
  1. Derive as many sub-solution alternatives as possible to each sub-function on current hierarchical level
  2. Combine sub-solution alternatives to total solution alternatives on current hierarchical level
  3. Choose the best total solution alternative on current hierarchical level
  4. Go to next lower hierarchical level and turn to 1
39
Q

Name 3 important conclusions of axiomatic design!

A
  1. FR and Dp stal be functionally independent
  2. Minimize the number of FRs as each FR requires a solutions that adds to the complexity
    - (combine FR)
    - (remove redundant (FR)
  3. FR shall not be decomposed into the next hierarchical level before a solution (DP) exists
40
Q

Synthesis and analysis within Axiomatic design?

A

SYNTHESIS
Hierarchic functional and physical top-down decomposition supporting synthesis

ANALYSIS
Functional coupling analysis
(complexity/information analysis)

41
Q

what is a theorem?

A

a non-evident proposition that can be deduced from one or many axioms

42
Q

what is corollary?

A

A non-evident proposition that can be deduced from one or many axioms or down accepted basic knowledge

43
Q

How is functional coupling analysis performed?

A

The design equation:

FR=A*DP

Product development (8 decks)

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