Axilla, Arm and Elbow

Question 1

Major Pathways of Lymph Drainage from Breast

Answer 1

1) Laterally- lower border of pectoralis major muscle to axillary nodes.
2) Medially- parasternal nodes along internal thoracic vessels
3) Medial communication with opp breast
4) VIEN- to spinal cord via valveless intercostal veins into azygos system.

Question 2

Anatomical Axillary Region

Answer 2

Ant: clavicle, pectoralis major and minor
Post: Latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, deep surface of scapula.
Med: Lat thoracic wall, serratus ant.
Lat: intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Question 3

Humerus surgical neck fracture affect

Answer 3

axillary n. and posterior humeral circumflex artery damage

Question 4

Humerus mid shaft fracture affect

Answer 4

radial n. and deep brachial artery

Question 5

Humerus supracondylar fracture affect

Answer 5

median n. and brachial artery

Question 6

Biceps brachii muscle

Answer 6

(anterior arm)
O: Long Head- upper glenoid fossa, Short Head- coracoid process
I: radial tuberositiy and bicipital aponeurosis, upper ulna
In: musculocutaneuous n. (C5-7)
Fx: flex elbow and major supination of forearm at right angle.
Test: flex forearm to 90 and supinate.

Question 7

Brachialis

Answer 7

(anterior arm) 
O: Anterior aspect humerus 
I: below coronoid process of ulna 
In: musculocutaneous n. (C5-7) 
Fx: elbow flexion 
Test: pronate and flex forearm

Question 8

Triceps brachii muscle

Answer 8

(posterior arm)
O: long head- below glenoid fossa, Lat head- later al humerus, Med Head- medial humerus
I: below upper olecranon process of ulna
In: radial Nerve (C5-8)
Fx: elbow extension

Question 9

Superficial muscles of the anterior forearm (medial-lateral)

Answer 9

Pronator Teres- pronation
Flexor carpi radialis- flex wrist, weak abductor
Palmaris longus- flex wrist, tensor of palmaris aponeurosis
Flexor digitorum superficialis- wrist flexion, PIP, MIP
Flexor carpi ulnaris- flex wrist, adductor

Question 10

Deep muscles of the anterior forearm (medial-lateral)

Answer 10

Flexor pollicis longus- flexion of thumb IP joint
Flexor digitorum profundous- flex DIP digit joints
Pronator quadratus muscle- strong ponator

Question 11

Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm (medial-lateral)

Answer 11

Brachioradialis- elbow extension, supinated to neutral
Extensor carpi radialis longus- wrist extention weak abd
Extensor carpi radialis brevis- wrist extension, weak abd
Extensor digitorum- wrist, MP, IP extension (4 digits)
Extensor digitorum minimi- little finger extension
Extensor carpi ulnaris- wrist extension, add

Question 12

Adductor-Interossous Compartment contents

Answer 12

Adductor pollicis, deep palmar arch, Interosseous muscles (DAB dorsal abduction, PAD palmar adduction)

Question 13

Hypothenar Compartment contents

Answer 13

intrinsic muscles of little finger

-deep branch of ulnar n.

Question 14

Thenar Eminence Compartment contents

Answer 14

flexor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
-recurrent motor branch of median n.

Question 15

Central Palmer Compartment contents

Answer 15

palmer aponeurosis, superficial palmer arch, lumbricals, flexor tendons

• cutaneous branch of medial n.
• superficial branch of ulnar n.