Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy 1 -- Zach H. > Axilla and Pectoral Region Lecture > Flashcards

Axilla and Pectoral Region Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are found in the pectoral region?

A
  • clavicles
  • sternum
    • manubrium
    • body
    • xiphoid
  • ribs
  • scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which two bones do the ribs articulate with?

A
  • sternum
  • vertebrae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which ribs are “atypical”?

A

ribs 1,2, 11, and 12 are “atypical”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which ribs are “true” ribs (vertebrocostal)?

A

ribs 1-7 are “true’ ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which ribs are “false” ribs (vertebrochondral)?

A

ribs 8-10 are “false” ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which ribs are considered “floating” ribs?

A

ribs 11 and 12 are “floating” ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the tubercle and the head of the rib articulate with?

A
  • Tubercle articulates with transverse process.
  • Head articulates with superior and inferior articulate processes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which named parts of the rib are found at the vertebral end?

A
  • head
  • neck
  • tubercle
  • angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the sternal end of the rib articulate with?

A

articulates directly with sternum, costal carilage, or sits in fascia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What runs in the costal groove of the rib?

A

Neurovascular Bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False:

Mammary glands are modified sweat glands.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is retromammary space?

A

Potential space between breast and pectoral fascia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the breast innervated by?

A

Intercostal nerves (4th-6th)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What attaches the breasat to the dermis of overlying skin?

A

Suspensory Ligaments (Cooper’s Ligaments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many lactiferous ducts open at the nipple in a typical breast?

A

15-20 lactiferous ducts open at nipple, which is surrounded by pigmented areola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the arterial supply to the breast?

A
  • mammary branches from:
    • anterior intercostal artery
    • lateral thoracic artery
    • internal thoracic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerves innervate the superior portion of the breast?

A

supraclavicular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the venous drainage of the breast?

A
  • mainly to axillary vein via lateral thoracic veins and medial mammary veins
    • lateral thoracic vein
    • medial mammary vein
  • some drainage to internal thoracic vein via anterior intercostal veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the nipple, areola, and lactiferous lobules?

A

subareolar lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which lymph nodes drain > 75% of lymph from the breast?

A
  • axillary lymph nodes
    • pectoral
    • central
    • apical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which two types of lymph nodes drain the remaining lymph from the breast?

A
  • parasternal lymph nodes
  • abdominal lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What innervates the breast tissue?

A
  • mainly from anterior and lateral branches of 4th-6th intercostal nerves
  • may also receive some innervation from supraclavicular nerve brahces as well as branches of other intercostal nerves.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is polymastia and polythelia?

A

An extra breast or nipple. Supernumerary breasts or nipples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the border of the deltopectoral (clavipectoral) triangle?

A
  • Deltoid
  • Pectoralis Major
  • Middle 1/3 of Clavicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What vein, artery, and lymph node is found in the deltopectoral (clavipectoral) triangle?

A
  • vein = cephalic vein
  • artery = deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
    • from axillary artery
  • lymph node = deltopectoral lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What muscle is invested within the clavipectoral fascia?

A
  • subclavius
  • pectoralis minor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the clavipectoral fascia attach to?

A
  • clavicle
  • anterior thoracic wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What vein, artery, and nerves pierce the clavipectoral fascia?

A
  • vein = cephalic vein
  • artery = thoracoacromial artery
  • nerves = lateral pectoral nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What ligment does the clavipectoral fascia turn into?

A

Becomes suspensory ligament of axilla.

30
Q

Which ligament attaches the clavipectoral fascia and axillary fascia?

A
  • Suspensory Ligament of Axilla
31
Q

What muscles make up the pectoral region?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • subclavius
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
32
Q

True of False:

The fascia of the pectoral region consists of superficial and deep layers that define borders, invest muscles, and create potential spaces.

A

True

33
Q

What is found in/under the superficial fascia in the pectoral region?

A
  • platysma
  • supraclavicular nerves
  • anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves
34
Q

Do the anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves that are found in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region innervate the pectoralis major?

A

NO

35
Q

Which two muscles in the pectoral region are separated by clavipectoral fascia? Also, which one of these muscles in completey incased in clavipectoral fascia?

A
  • Pectoralis major and minor are separated by clavipectoral fascia.
  • The pectoralis minor is covered in clavipectoral fascia.
36
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

Proximal (origin) Attachment:

  • clavicular and sternocostal attachments
    • anterior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle
    • anterior surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages

Distal (insertion) Attachment:

  • lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
37
Q

What are the actions of the pectoralis major?

A

Actions:

  • adducts and medial rotates humerus
  • draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly (via clavicle)
  • clavicular portion flexes humerus
  • sternal portion can extend humerus while it is in this flexed position
38
Q

What is the blood supply and innervation to the pectoralis major?

A

Blood Supply:

  • pectoral branch(es) of thoracoacromial arterila trunk

Innervation:

  • lateral and medial pectoral nerves
    • C5
    • C6 clavicular portion
    • C7
    • C8
    • T1 sternocostal portion
39
Q

True or False:

The medial and lateral pectoral nerves are NOT named for their position on the anterior thorax, but rather they are named forthe part of the rachial plexus that they come from.

A

TRUE

40
Q

Which cord of the brachial plexus does the medial pectoral nerve arise from?

A

medial cord

41
Q

Which cord does the lateral pectoral nerve arise from on the brachial plexus?

A

lateral cord

42
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachments of the pectoralis minor?

A

Proximal (origin) Attachment:

  • 3rd-5th ribs, near coastal cartilages

Distal (insertion) Attachment:

  • coracoid process of scapula
43
Q

What are the actions of the pectoralis minor?

A

Actions:

  • stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly and inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall
44
Q

What is the blood supply and innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Blood Supply:

  • pectoral branch(es) of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation:

  • medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
    • it is usually pierced by this nerve
45
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachment, actions, blood supply, and innervation of the subclavius?

A

Proximal (origin) Attachment:

  • junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

Distal (insertion) Attachment:

  • inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle

Actions:

  • anchors clavicle
  • depresses clavicle

Blood Supply:

  • clavicular branch(es) of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation:

  • nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
46
Q

Which trunk does the nerve to subclavius come off of?

A

upper trunk of brachial plexus

47
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachment, actions, blood supply, and innervation to the serratus anterior?

A

Proximal (origin) Attachment:

  • external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-9

Distal (insertion) Attachment:

  • anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Actions:

  • protracts scapula
  • rotates scapula
  • holds scapula against thorax

Blood Supply:

  • lateral thoracic artery

Innervation:

  • long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
48
Q

Does the long thoracic nerve come off of a trunk or root of the brachial plexus?

A

Root

49
Q

Subclavian Artery

A
  • right: brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left: aortic arch
  • arises posterior to ternoclavicular joint
  • usually has 3 “divisions” in relation to anterior scalene muscle
    • Part 1 -> is mdial to the anterior scalene muscle
    • Part 2 -> is posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
    • Part 3 -> is lateral to the anterior scalene muscle
50
Q

What are the 3 commonly found branches of the medial part (1) of the subclavian artery?

A
  1. internal thoracic (mammary) artery
  2. vertebral artery
  3. thyrocervical arterial trunk
51
Q

You know that the thyrocervical arterial trunk is one of the 3 arteries that branches off of the medial part of the subclavian artery, but what arteries come off of the thyrocervical arterial trunk?

A
  1. transverse cervical artery
    • superficial branch
    • deep branch (dorsal scapular artery)
    • NOTE: the superficial and deep ranches of the t.c.a may arise independently. When they do form an arterial trunk, this structure is referred to as the cervicodorsal trunk.
  2. inferior thyroid artery
  3. ascending cervical artery
  4. suprascapular artery
52
Q

Which artery is commonly found branching off of the posterior part (2) of the subclavian artery?

A
  • costocervical arterial trunk
    • supreme intercostal artery
    • deep cervical artery
53
Q

True or False:

The lateral part (3) of the subclavian artery typically may have no branches, however, the dorsal scapular artery may arise independently from this part of the subclavian artery.

A

TRUE

54
Q

At which land mark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral Border of First Rib

55
Q

Note Regarding the dorsal scapular artery….

The dorsal scapular artery can arise from either some part of the subclavian artery (usually the 3rd) or from the transverse cervical artery (about 30% ofthe time, and in this case it is called the “deep branch of the transverse cervical artery”.

A

Either way, the artery that runs along the vertebral border of the scapula is always referred to as the dorsal scapular artery.

56
Q

Which artery comes off of part 1 of the axillary artery?

A

Part 1

  • superior thoracic artery
57
Q

What arteries branch off of part 2 of the axillary artery?

A

Part 2

  • thoracoacromial trunk
    • pectoral branch
    • deltoid branch
    • acromial branch
    • clavicular branch
58
Q

Which arteries branch off of part 3 of the axillary artery?

A

Part 3

  • subscapular artery
    • circumflex scapular
    • thoracodorsal
  • anterior circumflex humeral
  • posterior circumflex humeral
59
Q

True or False:

The anterior circumflex humeral artery is typically twice as big as the posterior circumflex humeral artery.

A

False - posterior circumflex humeral artery is typically twice as big as the anterior circumflex humeral artery.

60
Q

Which arteries contribute to the anastomosing arterial branches of the scapular anastomoses?

A
  1. suprascapular artery (from subclavian artery)
  2. dorsal scapular artery
    • (deep branch of transverse cervical artery from subclavian artery)
  3. posterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic aorta)
  4. circumflex scapular artery
    • (division of subscapular artery from axillary artery)
  5. thoracodorsal artery (division of subscapular artery from axillary artery)

** Dr. K Wright recommended reading the blue box in COA about the scapular anastomoses. **

61
Q

True or False:

In certain cases or injury to, or ligation or occlusion of the axillary artery superior to the subscapular artery, direction of blood flow in the subscapular artery is reversed, allowing blood to flow to the distal portion of he axillary artery and the rest of the arm, forearm and hand. (talking about scapular anastomoses)

A
62
Q

What does the basiic vein continue as to drain the arm?

A

continues as the axillary vein

63
Q

What does the cephalic vein drain into before it becomes the subclavian vein?

A

drains into axillary vein before it becomes subclavian vein

64
Q

What makes up the apex of the boundary of the axilla?

A

Apex:

  • clavicle
  • scapula
  • 1st rib
65
Q

What makes up the base of the boundary of the axilla?

A

Base:

  • skin and superficial fascia
  • anterior axillary fold
    • pectoralis major
  • posterior axillary fold
    • latissimus dorsi
    • teres major
  • chest wall
    • serratus anterior
66
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the boundary of the axilla?

A

Anterior Wall:

  • clavicle
  • subclavius
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
67
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the boundary of the axilla?

A

Posterior Wall:

  • scapula
  • subscapularis
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
68
Q

What are the lateral structures that make up the boundaries of the axilla?

A

Lateral Structures:

  • intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
  • tendon of long head of biceps
  • coracobrachialis tendon
69
Q

In a saggital section of the axilla, what axillary lymph nodes are found?

A
  • central lymph nodes
  • pectoral lymph nodes
70
Q

Does the lateral or medial pectoral nerve pierce the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

71
Q

Does the lateral pectoral nerve pierce the pectoralis minor?

A

No, it pierces the clavipectoral fascia on the way to innervate the pectoralis major.

72
Q
A

Human Anatomy 1 -- Zach H. (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions