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Human Anatomy 1 -- Zach H. > Arm and Forearm Lecture > Flashcards

Arm and Forearm Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the curaneous nerves and veins of the anterior arm and forearm?

A
  • supraclavicular nerves
  • intercostobrachial nerve (T2 intercostal nerve)
  • medial cutaneous nerve of arm (medial brachial cutaneous nerve)
  • lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
    • (lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve)
    • (terminal musculocutaneous nerve)
  • cephalic vein
  • basilic vein
  • median cubital vein (cubital fossa)
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2
Q

What are the cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm?

A
  • supraclavicular nerves
  • superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
    • superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
  • intercostobrachial nerve (T2 intercostal nerve)
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (posterior brachial cutaneous nerve)
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve)
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3
Q

Which cutaneous nerves of the posterior arm and forearm comes from the radial nerve?

A
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
    • posterior brachial cutaneous nerve
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
    • posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
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4
Q

In which compartment of the arm would you find the radial nerve with its collateral arteries and vein?

A

posterior compartment (extensors)

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5
Q

In which compartment of the arm would you find the median and ulnar nerves with their collateral arteries and veins?

A

anterior compartment (flexors)

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6
Q

Which muscles are found in the anterior compartment (flexors) of the arm?

A
  • biceps
    • long head
    • short head
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis

** all innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve **

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7
Q

Which muslces make up the posterior compartment (extensors) of the arm?

A
  • triceps
    • long head
    • lateral head
    • medial head
  • anconeus
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8
Q

What are the braches off of the brachial artery that uplly the arm?

A
  • Brachial Artery
    • profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)
      • posterior descending brach (middle collateral)
      • anterior descending branch (radial collateral)
    • superior ulnar collateral
    • inferior ulnar collateral
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9
Q

Which arterial branch off of the brachial artery in the arm travels with the radial nerve in the triangular interval?

A

profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)

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10
Q

Which arterial branch off of the brachial artery travels with the ulnar nerve in the arm?

A

superior ulnar collateral artery

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11
Q

Which arterial branch off of the brachial artery branches off anterior to the medial epicondyal of the humerus?

A

inferior ulnar collateral artery

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12
Q

What land mark on the humerus is used to determine where the axillary artery turns into the brachial artery?

A

Surgical Neck of Humerus

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13
Q

True or False:

Branches of arteries that supply muscles of the arm are un-named arteries that come off of the named arteries in the arm.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False:

Flexion of the elbow is one of the primary actions of the biceps brachii.

A

False - flexion of the elbow is NOT the primary action of the biceps brachii

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15
Q

What is the distal/proximal attachments of the long head of the biceps brachii?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Distal Attachment:

  • radial tuberosity
  • fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
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16
Q

What is the distal/proximal attachments of the short head of the biceps brachii?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • coracoid process of scapula

Distal Attachment:

  • radial tuberosity
  • fascia of forearmvia bicipital aponeurosis
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17
Q

What are the actions, blood supply, and innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

Actions:

  • supinates forearm
  • when supine will flex forearm
  • resists dislocation of shoulder (short head)

Blood Supply:

  • brachial artery

Innervation:

  • musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
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18
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply, and innervation of the coracobrachialis?

A

Proximal Attachement:

  • coracoid process of scapula

Distal Attachment:

  • middle 1/3 of medial humeral surface

Actions:

  • flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint
  • resists dislocation of should joint

Blood Supply:

  • brachial artery

Innervation:

  • musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
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19
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply, and innervation of the brachialis?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Actions:

  • flexes forearm at elbow joint

Blood Supply:

  • brachial artery

Innervation:

  • musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
  • lateral portions may receive radial nerve contributions
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20
Q

Does the radial nerve innervate any of the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

NO

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21
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply, and innervation of the anconeus musle?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • lateral surface of olecranon
  • superior part of surface of ulna

Actions:

  • assists triceps in extension of forearm
  • stabilizes elbow joint
  • abducts ulna during pronation

Blood Supply:

  • deep brachial artery

Innervation:

  • radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
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22
Q

What is the distal/proximal attachments of the long head ofthe triceps brachii?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • infraglenoid tubercle

Distal Attachment:

  • proximal end of olecranon
  • fascia of forearm
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23
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments of the lateral head of the triceps brachii?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • posterior surface of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • proximal end of olecranon
  • fascia of forearm
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24
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments of the medial head of the triceps brachii?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • posterior surface of humerus
    • inferior to radial groove (spiral groove)

Distal Attachment:

  • proximal end of olecranon
  • fascia of forearm
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25
Q

What is the action, blood supply, and innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

Actions:

  • extends forearm at elbow joint (main)
  • resists dislocation of shoulder joint (long head)

Blood Supply:

  • deep brachial artery

Innervation:

  • radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
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26
Q

True or False:

Much of the activity at the elbow joint involves working against strong flexion.

A

True

*to keep from “flexing” yourself into a wheelbarrow

*triceps are constantly acting as antagonsists to the forearm flexors

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27
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

brachioradialis

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28
Q

What is the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

pronator teres

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29
Q

What is the superior boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus

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30
Q

What is the roof boundary of the cubital fossa?

A
  • skin
  • superficial and deep fascia
  • bicipital aponeurosis
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31
Q

What is the floor boundary of the cubital fossa?

A

supinator and brachialis

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32
Q

What nerves run through the cubital fossa?

A
  • median nerve
  • radial nerve
    • deep radial nerve
    • superficial radial nerve
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33
Q

What arteries are found in the cubital fossa?

A

bifurcation of radial and ulnar arteries

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34
Q

What vein is found in the cubital fossa?

A

brachial veins (venae comitantes)

35
Q

What tendon and aponeurosis are found in the cubital fossa?

A
  • tendon of biceps brachii
  • bicipital aponeurosis
36
Q

True or False:

In the cubital fossa, the bicipital aponeurosis is deep to the brachial artery and median nerve.

A

false - bicipital aponeurosis is superficial to the brachial artery and median nerve

37
Q

True or False:

The mdian cubital vein is superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis in the cubital fossa.

A

True

38
Q

In the cubital fossa is the median nerve mediat tothe brachial artery?

A

Yes

39
Q

Fill in the Blank:

In the cubital fossa, the _____ nerve is located between the biceps brachii and the brachialis.

A

musculocutaneous

40
Q

Fill in the Blank:

In the cubital fossa, the _____ _____ nerve is found unerneath the brachioradialis and the _____ muscle is penetrated by the deep radial nerve.

A

superficial radial; supinator

41
Q

In the cubital fossa, what nerve is located between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles?

A

Radial Nerve

42
Q

True or False:

The ulnar nerve runs posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

A

True

43
Q

What is found in the elbow region just posterior to the cubital region?

A
  • triceps and olecranon process
  • anconeus
  • ulnar nerve runs posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus
  • posterior ulnar recurrent artery
44
Q

What arteries make up the cubital anatomosis?

A
  • brachial artery – ulnar artery
    • superior ulnar collateral – posterior ulnar recurrent
    • inferior ulnar collateral – anterior ulnar recurrent
  • deep brachial artery – radial and interosseous arteries
    • radial collateral artery – radial recurrent artery
    • middle collateral artery – interosseous recurrent artery
45
Q

What is the “common flexor origin” of the distal humerus?

A

medial epicondyle

46
Q

What is the “common extensor origin” of the distal humerus?

A

lateral epicondyle

47
Q

Are the anterior interosseous and posterior interosseous arteries part of the cubital anstomoses?

A

NO

48
Q

Draw out the cubital anastomoses!

A
49
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the anterior forearm?

A
  • Anterior Forearm
    • ulnar artery
    • common interosseous artery
      • via anterior interosseous artery
    • radial artery
50
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the anterior hand?

A
  • superficial palmar arch
    • ulnar artery
  • deep palmar arch
    • radial artery
51
Q

Which arteries supply the posterior forearm and hand?

A
  • radial artery
    • via deep palmar arch (hand)
    • via dorsal carpal arch (hand)
  • common interosseus artery
    • posterior interosseous artery
  • perforating (posterior) branch of anterior interosseous artery
52
Q

What muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
53
Q

Which muscle make up the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
54
Q

Which muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
55
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior forearm?

A
  • Radial Nerve
    • superficial branch of radial nerve
    • deep branch of radial nerve
56
Q

What nerve does the deep branch of the radial nerve continue as?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

57
Q

True or False:

The brachioradialis does not act on the wrist.

A

True

58
Q

Which muscles make up the superficial extensors of the posterior forearm?

A
  • brachioradialis (flexes elbow joint)
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
59
Q

Fill in the Blank:

All muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the _____ nerve via the deep branch of the radial nerve or the _____ _____ nerve.

A

radial; posterior interosseous

60
Q

Which muscles make up the deep extensors of the posterior forearm?

A
  • supinator
  • extensor indicis
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
61
Q

True or False:

All deep extensors of the posterior forearm are innervated by the deep branch ofthe radial nerve, or the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a continuation of this same nerve.

A

True

62
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the pronator teres?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • coronoid process of ulna

Distal Attachment:

  • middle of lateral surface of radius

Actions:

  • pronates and flexes forearm at elbow

Innervation:

  • median nerve

Blood Supply:

  • ulnar artery
  • anterior recurrent ulnar artery
63
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • medial epicondyle of humerus (“common flexor origin”)

Distal Attachment:

  • base of 2nd metacarpal

Actions:

  • flexes and abducts hand at wrist

Innervation:

  • median nerve

Blood Supply:

  • ulnar artery
64
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the palmaris longus?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • flexor retinaculum
    • continuous with palmar aponeurosis

Actions:

  • flexes hand at wrist
  • tenses palmar aponeurosis

Innervation:

  • median nerve

Blood Supply:

  • ulnar artery

**it can be absent in people **

65
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • pisiform
  • hook of hamate
  • 5th metacarpal

Actions:

  • flexes and adducts hand at wrist

Innervation:

  • ulnar nerve

Blood Supply:

  • ulnar artery
66
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • medial epicondyle of humerus
  • superior 1/2 of anterior border of radius

Distal Attachment:

  • shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

Actions:

  • flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joint
  • flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints

Innervation:

  • median nerve

Blood Supply:

  • ulnar artery
67
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Distal Attachment:

  • bases of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

Actions:

  • flexes distal phalanges at interphalangeal joints (power grip)

Innervation:

  • ulnar nerve
  • median nerve
    • anterior interosseous nerve is branch from median nerve

Blood Supply:

  • ulnar artery
  • anterior interosseous arteries
68
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • anterior suface of radius and interosseous membrane

Distal Attachment:

  • base of distal phalanx of thumb

Actions:

  • flexes thumb

Innervation:

  • median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve

Blood Supply:

  • anterior interosseous artery
69
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

Distal Attachments:

  • distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

Actions:

  • pronates forearm
  • deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

Innervation:

  • median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve

Blood Supply:

  • anterior interosseous artery
70
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • proximal 2/3 of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • distal radius
    • proximal to styloid process

Actions:

  • flexes forearm when it is pronated (about midprone position)

Innervation:

  • radial nerve

Blood Supply:

  • radial recurrent artery
71
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Actions:

  • extend and abduct hand at wrist

Innervation:

  • radial nerve

Blood Supply:

  • radial artery
72
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

Actions:

  • extend and abduct hand at wrist

Innervation:

  • deep branch of radial nerve

Blood Supply:

  • radial artery
73
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor digitorum?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers

Actions:

  • extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joint
  • and somewhat at interphalageal joints

Innervation:

  • posterior interosseous nerve

Blood Supply:

  • interosseous recurrent and posterior interosseous arteries
74
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal Attachment:

  • extensor expansion of 5th finger

Actions:

  • extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal join and secondarily at interphlangeal joints

Innervation:

  • posterior interosseous nerve

Blood Supply:

  • interosseous recurrent artery
75
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

Distal Attachment:

  • dorsal aspect of base to 5th metacarpal

Actions:

  • extends and adducts hand at wrist

Innervation:

  • posterior interosseous nerve

Blood Supply:

  • ulnar artery
76
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the supinator?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • radial collateral and anular ligaments
  • ulnar crest]

Distal Attachment:

  • proximal 1/3 of radius (nearly all surfaces, as it wraps around the bone)

Action:

  • supinates forearm
    • bringing radius back to anatomical position

Innervation:

  • deep branch of radial nerve

Blood Supply:

  • recurrent interosseous artery
77
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor indicis?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane

Distal Attachment:

  • extensor expansion of 2nd finger

Actions:

  • independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension of wrist

Innervation:

  • posterior interosseous nerve
    • continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Blood Supply:

  • posterior interosseous artery
78
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the abductor pllicis longus?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of ulna and radius
  • interosseous membrane

Distal Attachment:

  • base of 1st metacarpal

Actions:

  • abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

Innervation:

  • posterior interosseous nerve
    • continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)

Blood Supply:

  • posterior interosseous artery
79
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius
  • interosseous membrane

Distal Attachment:

  • dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb

Actions:

  • extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpophalangeal joint
  • also extends carpometacarpal joint

Innervation:

  • posterior interosseous nerve

Blood Supply:

  • posterior interosseous artery
80
Q

What is the proximal/distal attachments, actions, blood supply and innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Proximal Attachment:

  • posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna
  • interosseous membrane

Distal Attachment:

  • dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

Actions:

  • extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint
  • extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint

Innervation :

  • posterior interosseous nerve

Blood Supply:

  • posterior interosseous artery
81
Q

What artery and muscles are located in the anatomical snuff box?

A
  • radial artery
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • abductor pollicis longus
82
Q

What is a sign that a patient with present with the radial nerve is injured by a fracture to the humeral shaft?

A

wrist-drop

83
Q

Wrist-Drop

Full or partial paralysis of the extensors of the wrist and fingers results in the inability to extend and thus the flexors “take-over” and the wrist assumes a partially flexed position.

A

Radial Nerve Injury

84
Q
A

Human Anatomy 1 -- Zach H. (8 decks)

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