Axilla Flashcards by Hadiza bukar

AXILLA

•A ——— space
•Located inferior to —— joint
•Shape and size varies with position of —-
•Channel for ———

AXILLA

•A pyramidal space
•Located inferior to shoulder joint
•Shape and size varies with position of arm
•Channel for neurovascular

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List the boundaries of axilla

Apex
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Base

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APEX OF AXILLA
•Is the ——— canal
•Passageway between — and —-
•Lies btw —-, —- and ——

APEX OF AXILLA
•Is the cervico-axillary canal
•Passageway between neck and axilla
•Lies btw 1st rib, clavicle and superior edge of subscapularis

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Anterior wall of axilla is formed by

ANTERIOR WALL OF AXILLA
•Formed by pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and associated pectoral and clavipectoral fasciae

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Posterior wall of axilla is formed by

POSTERIOR WALL OF AXILLA
•Formed mainly by scapula and subscapularis, and inferiorly by teres major and latissimus dorsi

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Medial wall of axilla is formed by

MEDIAL WALL OF AXILLA
•Formed by the thoracic wall i.e. 1st to 4th ribs and associated intercostal muscles, and
•The overlying serratus anterior muscle

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BASE OF AXILLA
•Formed by —-, —— and ——
•Extends from —- to —— ~—th rib
•Forms the —— fossa

BASE OF AXILLA
•Formed by skin, subcutaneous tissue and axillary fascia
•Extends from arm to thoracic wall ~4th rib
•Forms the axillary fossa (armpit)

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Lateral wall of the axilla is formed by

LATERAL WALL
•Narrow bony wall, formed by intertubercular groove in the humerus

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The inferior extent of posterior border of axilla is known as — formed mainly by

Posterior axilla fold
Lattisimus dorsi

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The inferior extent of anterior border of axilla is known as —- formed mainly by

Anterior axilla fold
Pectoralis major

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Anterior axilla fold is higher than posterior axilla fold
T or F

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What are the contents of axilla

CONTENTS OF THE AXILLA
1. Axillary artery and branches
2. Axillary vein and tributaries
3. Lymphatic vessels and
several groups of axillary lymph nodes
4. Cords and branches of the brachial plexus

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THE AXILLARY ARTERY
◼ Begins at —- border of — rib as continuation of —— artery
◼ Passes posterior to ——into arm
◼ Terminates at —- border of ——
◼ Where it becomes the —— artery
◼ For descriptive purposes, divided into — parts by ——

THE AXILLARY ARTERY
◼ Begins at lateral border of 1st rib as continuation of subclavian artery
◼ Passes posterior to pectoralis minor into arm
◼ Terminates at inferior border of teres major
◼ Where it becomes the brachial artery
◼ For descriptive purposes, divided into 3 parts by pectoralis minor

THE 3 PAR

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1st part of axilla artery (how many branch)
◼ Btw —- border of — rib and—- border of ——-
List the branches

1st part (1 branch)
◼ Btw lateral border of 1st rib and medial border of pectoralis minor
1. Superior thoracic artery

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2nd part of axillary artery (how many branches)
◼ Posterior to the —-
List the branches

2nd part (2 branches)
◼ Posterior to the pectoralis minor
1. Thoracoacromial artery
2. Lateral thoracic artery

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3rd part of axillary artery (how many branches)
◼ —- border of —— to —— border of —-
List the branches

3rd part (3 branches)
◼ Lateral border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major
1. Subscapular artery
2. Anterior circumflex
humeral artery
3. posterior circumflex
humeral artery

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Branches of subscapular artery and where it supplies

Circumflex scapular
Thoracodorsal
Supplies:
Subscapular
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

Branches of thoracoacromial artery

Clavicular
Pectoral
Acromial
Deltoid

Lateral thoracic artery is also called

External mammary artery

Branches of lateral thoracic artery supply

Pectoral muscles
Serratus anterior
Axillary lymph nodes
Intercostal muscles
Lateral aspect of the breast

Inter muscular spaces
List the spaces and the things that pass through them

Upper triangle space :
circumflex scapula
Quadrangular space:
Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Lower triangular space:
Radial nerve
Profundity brachii artery and vein

The — and — part of the axillary vein is not covered by axillary sheath and why are they not covered

2nd and 3rd
Venous return

List the branches of axillary artery

Superior thoracic
Acromiothoracic/thoracoacromial
Lateral thoracic
Subscapular
Anterior circumflex humeral
Posterior circumflex humeral

THE SUPERIOR THORACIC ARTERY
◼ — vessel
◼ Arises from — part
of axillary artery just
below the ——
◼ Supplies:

THE SUPERIOR THORACIC ARTERY
◼ Small vessel
◼ Arises from first part
of axillary artery just
below the subclavius
◼ Supplies
▪ Subclavius
▪ Muscles in the 1st and
2nd intercostal spaces
▪ Serratus anterior
▪ Overlying pectoral muscles

THE THORACOACROMIAL ARTERY ◼ —— trunk ◼ —- branch of — part of axillary artery deep to —— ◼ Pierces ——- membrane and divides into 4 branches:

THE THORACOACROMIAL ARTERY ◼ Short wide trunk ◼ 1st branch of 2nd part of axillary artery deep to pectoralis minor ◼ Pierces costocoracoid membrane and divides into 4 branches: 1. Acromial artery 2. Deltoid artery 3. Pectoral artery 4. Clavicular artery

THE LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY ◼ Variable—- ◼ Usually arises as — branch of — part of axillary artery ◼ Descends along —- border of —— ◼ Supplies:

THE LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY ◼ Variable origin ◼ Usually arises as 2nd branch of 2nd part of axillary artery ◼ Descends along lateral border of pectoralis minor ◼ Supplies: ▪ Pectoral muscles ▪ Serratus anterior ▪ Intercostal muscle ▪ Axillary lymph nodes ▪ Lateral aspect of breast

THE SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY ◼ —- branch of axillary artery ◼ Arise from —- part ◼ Descends along —— border of ——- on—-axillary wall ◼ Divides into: ▪—— ◼ Supplies:

THE SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY ◼ Largest branch of axillary artery ◼ Arise from 3rd part ◼ Descends along lateral border of subscapularis on posterior axillary wall ◼ Divides into: ▪ Circumflex scapular artery ▪ Thoracodorsal artery ◼ Supplies: ▪ Subscapularis ▪ Teres major ▪ Latissimus dorsi

THE CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR ◼ —- branch of subscapular artery ◼ Curves —- around axillary border of —- ◼ Supplies muscles on —- of scapula ◼ Participates in scapula anastomosis

THE CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR ◼ Larger branch of subscapular artery ◼ Curves posteriorly around axillary border of scapular ◼ Supplies muscles on dorsum of scapula ◼ Participates in scapula anastomosis

THE THORACODORSAL ARTERY ◼ Continuation of ——— artery ◼ Continues to the —- angle of the scapula ◼ Participates in scapula anatomosis

THE THORACODORSAL ARTERY ◼ Continuation of subscapular artery ◼ Continues to the inferior angle of the scapula ◼ Participates in scapula anatomosis

THE CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERIES ◼ Arise from — part ◼ Opposite —— artery ◼ Pass around the — neck of humerus to anastomose with each other

THE CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERIES ◼ Arise from 3rd part ◼ Opposite subscapular artery ◼ Pass around the surgical neck of humerus to anastomose with each other

THE ANTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY ◼ —- of the 2 ◼ Gives off ascending branch that supplies —

THE ANTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY ◼ Smaller of the 2 ◼ Gives off ascending branch that supplies shoulder

THE POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY ◼ —- of the 2 ◼ Passes through ——- space accompanied by —— nerve ◼ Supplies: ◼ —- joint and surrounding muscles e.g. —, —- and —- and ——

THE POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY ◼ Larger of the 2 ◼ Passes through quadrangular space accompanied by axillary nerve ◼ Supplies: ◼ Shoulder joint and surrounding muscles e.g. deltoid, teres major and minor and long head of triceps

Axillary vein ◼ Is formed at the —- border of the —- muscle, by the union of the — vein and the —- veins ◼ It lies on the —- aspect of the axillary artery ◼ When the arm is fully abducted, the axillary vein lies —— and —— to the axillary artery ◼ At the lateral border of the 1st rib, the axillary vein becomes the —— vein ◼ It has 3 parts which correspond to the 3 parts of the —— artery ◼ The axillary vein receives tributaries that generally correspond to branches of the axillary artery

Axillary vein ◼ Is formed at the inferior border of the teres major muscle, by the union of the basilic vein and the brachial veins ◼ It lies on the medial aspect of the axillary artery ◼ When the arm is fully abducted, the axillary vein lies anterior and superior to the axillary artery ◼ At the lateral border of the 1st rib, the axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein ◼ It has 3 parts which correspond to the 3 parts of the axillary artery ◼ The axillary vein receives tributaries that generally correspond to branches of the axillary artery

AXILLARY LYMPH NODES ◼ Arranged in 5 groups:

AXILLARY LYMPH NODES ◼ Arranged in 5 groups: 1. Apical group 2. Pectoral/Anterior group 3. Subscapular/Posterior group 4. Humeral/Lateral group 5. Central group

PECTORAL/ANTERIOR GROUP ◼ Lie along the —- wall of axilla around the—— vein and the —- border of pectoralis minor ◼ Receives lymph mainly from—- thoracic wall + —- ◼ Efferent lymphatic vessels pass to the —- and —- groups

PECTORAL/ANTERIOR GROUP ◼ Lie along the medial wall of axilla around the lateral thoracic vein and the inferior border of pectoralis minor ◼ Receives lymph mainly from anterior thoracic wall + breast ◼ Efferent lymphatic vessels pass to the central and apical groups 2 3. SUBSCA

SUBSCAPULAR/POSTERIOR GROUP ◼ Lie along the —— axillary fold and —- blood vessels ◼ Receives lymph from the —- aspect of the thoracic wall and —— region ◼ Efferent lymphatic vessels pass to the —— and —- groups

SUBSCAPULAR/POSTERIOR GROUP ◼ Lie along the posterior axillary fold and subscapular blood vessels ◼ Receives lymph from the posterior aspect of the thoracic wall and scapular region ◼ Efferent lymphatic vessels pass to the central and apical groups

HUMERAL/LATERAL GROUP ◼ Lie along —— wall of axilla, —- and —- to axillary vein ◼ Receives almost all the lymph from —- except lymph carried by lymphatic vessels accompanying the —- vein

HUMERAL/LATERAL GROUP ◼ Lie along lateral wall of axilla medial and posterior to axillary vein ◼ Receives almost all the lymph from upper limb except lymph carried by lymphatic vessels accompanying the cephalic vein

CENTRAL GROUP ◼ Situated deep to which muscle near the —- of the axilla ◼ Receives lymph from the —-, —- and —- group of axillary lymph nodes ◼ Efferent vessels from the central group pass to the —- group of lymph nodes

CENTRAL GROUP ◼ Situated deep to the pectoralis minor near the base of the axilla ◼ Receives lymph from the pectoral, subscapular and humeral group of axillary lymph nodes ◼ Efferent vessels from the central group pass to the apical group of lymph nodes

An important arterial anastomosis exists between the branches of the subclavian artery and the axillary artery called

Scapula anastomosis

List the vessels involved in scapula anastomosis and their branches

VESSELS INVOLVED IN SCAPULAR ANASTOMOSIS Subclavian artery ▪ Dorsal scapular artery ▪ Suprascapular artery ◼ Axillary artery ▪ subscapular artery via the circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries

Enlargement of axillary nodes is called

Lymphangitis