Axial Skeleton (unit 2)

Question 1

the rectus abdominis,
 transverse abdominis, 
external oblique, 
internal oblique, 
external intercostals, 
internal intercostals, 
quadratus lumborum, 
 diaphragm.

Answer 1

Muscles that move the trunk

Question 2

anterior fascial layer associated with abdominal from xiphoid process of sternum to pubis symphysis. It is important because it has a role with:

Answer 2

Linea Alba

Question 3

Functions of the thoracic body wall muscles (external intercostals, internal intercostals)

Answer 3

contain thoracic viscera

elevate and depress ribs to assist with breathing

Question 4

Functions of the abdominal body wall muscles (rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, quadratus lumborum)

Answer 4

contain abdominal viscera
compress abdominal viscera
flexion, lateral flexion, rotation, and extension of the vertebral column

Question 5

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 5

O: Crest of pubic rami and pubic symphysis

I: Tip of sternum (xiphoid process) and costal cartilage of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs

A: Trunk flexion

N: Ventral rami

Question 6

External Oblique

Answer 6

O: Outer surface of lower eight ribs near their costal endings

I: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, linea alba

A: Trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation to the opposite side

N: Ventral rami

Question 7

Internal Oblique

Answer 7

O: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbar fascia

I: Costal cartilage of lower three ribs, 10th costal cartilage, pubic bone, linea alba

A: Trunk flexion lateral flexion and rotation to the same side

N: Ventral rami

Question 8

Transverse Abdominis

Answer 8

O: Iliac crest, inguinal lig, cartilage of lower six ribs

I: Linea alba

A: Constricts abdomen, holds viscera in pelvic girdle, assists with other trunk motions

N: Ventral rami

Question 9

External Intercostals

Answer 9

O: Lower border of upper eleven ribs

I: Upper border of lower eleven ribs

A: Elevates ribs during Inspiration

N: Intercostal nerves T1-12

Question 10

Internal Intercostals

Answer 10

O: Inner surface upper eleven ribs

I: Upper border of last eleven ribs

A: Depresses ribs during forced expiration

N: Intercostal nerves T1-12

Question 11

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 11

O: Iliac crest

I: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and rib 12

A: Extend and laterally flexes trunk/vertebral column

N: Ventral rami

Question 12

Diaphragm

Answer 12

O: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages, six or seven lower ribs, arcuate ligament, lumbar vertebrae

I: Central tendon

A: Contraction causes flattening (inferior) and expansion of the thoracic cavity; expands and contracts to regulate breathing

N: Phrenic Nerve

Question 13

Phrenic Nerve Irritation

Answer 13

Involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

Also known as hiccups