Axial Skeleton Test

Question 1

How many bones are in the adult skeleton?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

How many bones are in the axial skeleton

Answer 2

80

Question 3

5 divisions of the axial skeleton

and how many bones are in each one

Answer 3

skull (22)
hyoid (1)
ossicles (6)
thorax (12 ribs 1 sternum)
vertebrae (26)

Question 4

Functions of cranial bones

Answer 4

-encloses and protects brain
-inner surface attaches to membranes that stabilize position of brain, blood vessels, nerves
-attachment for muscles that move various parts of the head

Question 5

frontal(cranial bone)

Answer 5

-1 bone
-forms forehead, top of eye orbits, most of anterior skull

Question 6

parietal(cranial bone)

Answer 6

-2 bones
-form most of side of head

Question 7

temporal(cranial bone)

Answer 7

-2 bones
-located above ear( 1 on each side)
-form inferior side of cranium

Question 8

occipital(cranial bone)

Answer 8

-1 bone
-forms base of your skull

Question 9

sphenoid(cranial bone)

Answer 9

-1 bone
-keystone cranial
-joins all other bones in cranium

Question 10

ethmoid(cranial bone)

Answer 10

-1 bone
-like spongy bone
-major supporting structure of nasal cavity

Question 11

Functions of facial bones

Answer 11

-attachment for muscles and bones for facial expressions
-framework for face
-protects and provide support for entrance into respiratory and digestive

Question 12

nasal bones(facial bones)

Answer 12

-2 bones
-form bridge of nose

Question 13

maxillae(facial bone)

Answer 13

-2 bones
-aka upper jaw
-function: socket for teeth
-part form anterior roof of mouth

Question 14

palatine(facial bone)

Answer 14

-2 bones
-form roof of mouth and posterior hard palate
-2 bones fuse together

Question 15

mandible(facial bone)

Answer 15

-1 bone
-lower jaw
-strongest facial bone
-only one that moves
-function: socket for teeth

Question 16

mental foramen(facial bone)

Answer 16

-hole in mandible to access mental nerve

Question 17

zygomatic bone(facial bone)

Answer 17

-2 bones, 1 each side
-aka cheek bone
-join with frontal, temporal, maxillae, and sphenoid

Question 18

lacrimal bones(facial bone)

Answer 18

-2 bones, 1 each side
-on medial wall of orbit
-smallest facial bone

Question 19

inferior nasal conchae(facial bone)

Answer 19

-2 bones, 1 each side
-filters air before passing to lungs

Question 20

vomen(facial bone)

Answer 20

-1 bone
-thin and flat
-1 component of septum

Question 21

coronal (sutures)

Answer 21

connects frontal and parietal bones

Question 22

sagittal(sutures)

Answer 22

holds 2 parietal bones together

Question 24

lambdoid(suture)

Answer 24

joins parietal to occipital bone

Question 25

squamous(suture)

Answer 25

joins parietal to temporal bone

Question 26

Sinuses

Answer 26

-aka paranasal sinuses
-frontal
-ethmoid
-sphenoid
-maxillary

Question 27

sinusitis

Answer 27

inflammation of the sinus

Question 28

Cervical

Know the name, number, and function

Know the difference for C1 and C2

Answer 28

C1: atlas, nod body or spinous process articulates with occipital bone support head and allows to nod head
C2: axis, function is typical structure move head side to side
C3-C7: typical vertebra(C7 has big spinous process)

Question 29

Thoracic

Answer 29

-12 bones in chest
T1-T12: attach to ribs

Question 30

Lumbar

Answer 30

-5 bones in lower back
-L1-L5 back muscles attached to spinous process

Question 31

Sacrum

Answer 31

-1 bone(5 bones fused together)
-S1-S5: fushin begins at 16-18, ends by 30
-4 pairs of sacral foramen(where blood vessels and nerves go through)

Question 32

coccyx

Answer 32

-1 bone(4 bones fused together)
-intervertebral disc: found between vertebra and help cushion force

Question 33

normal curves

Answer 33

1. cervical and lumbar: convex, curve same direction
2. thoracic and sacral: concave, opposite direction
3. fetus: 1 curve

Question 34

abnormal curves

Answer 34

-scoliosis: vertebral column bends sideways
-kyphosis: exaggerated thoracic curve
-lordosis: exaggerated lumbar curve

Question 35

vertebral column

Answer 35

-aka spine of backbone
-functions: protects spinal cord, supports head, allow movement, attachment point for ribs, pelvic girdle and muscles

Question 36

vertebral structure

Answer 36

-body: drum shape, weight bearing
-vertebral arch: pedicle, laminae, spinous process

Question 37

Thoracic Region functions

Answer 37

-provides protection for lungs and heart
-supports shoulder girdle and upper limbs

Question 38

Ribs(Thoracic Region)

Answer 38

• 12 pairs
  -1-7 increase in size as you go down(true ribs and attach directly to sternum)
  -Hyaline cartilage(costal cartilage) attaches them
  -8-12 decrease in length as you go down(false ribs and attached at cartilage of 7th rib)
  -11 and 12 are not attached at all(false ribs)

Question 39

intercostal space

Answer 39

-space between ribs

Question 40

3 parts of sternum

Answer 40

-manubrium: top
-body: middle
-xiphoid process: end

Question 41

fontanelle

Answer 41

-membrane filled spaces between cranial bones at birth
-replaced by sutures

Question 42

advantages of fontanelles

Answer 42

• enables skull to compress during delivery
  -permits rapid brain growth

Question 43

Hyoid bone

Answer 43

-located in neck between larynx and manible
-held in place by ligaments and muscles
-broken during strangulation

Question 44

Hyoid Bone Functions

Answer 44

-supports tongue
-provides attachment for tongue muscles, neck and larynx