Appendicular Skeleton Test Flashcards
appendicular bones
126 bones
pectoral girdle
-aka shoulders
-4 bones
-doesn’t articulate with vertebral column
what does appendicular bones include
-shoulder girdle
-upper limbs
-pelvic girdle
-lower limbs
functions of pectoral girdle
-supports upper limbs
-allows movement of upper limbs
-points of muscle attachment
-includes clavicle and scapula
Clavicle functions
-transmit mechanical force from upper limb to trunk
clavicle
-2 bones, 1 each side
-aka collarbone
-“S” shaped
-located above 1st rib
-joins with sternum anteriorly and scapula posteriorly
-most frequently broken bone in body
scapula
-2 bones, 1 each side
-aka shoulder blades
-triangular in shape
spine(scapula)
-diagonal ridge on scapula
acromion(scapula)
-where spine and clavicle join together
glenoid cavity(scapula)
-head of humerus joins(socket)
coracoid process(scapula)
-projection on scapula where muscles attach to form upper limbs
Upper limbs
-30 bones each side
Humerus
-2 bones, 1 each side
-longest and largest bone in upper limb
-joins with scapula at proximal end
-joins with ulna and radius at distal end
radial fossa(humerus)
-depression that receives head of radius when forearm is bent
olecranon fossa(humerus)
-depression in back of humerus that receives olecranon(elbow) when form is extended
coronoid fossa(humerus)
-depression that receives head of ulna when forearm is bent
Ulna
-2 bones, 1 each side
-medial side of body
olecranon process(ulna)
-proximal end of ulna
radius
-2 bones, 1 each side
-lateral side of body(by thumb)
-disc shape head
Carpals
-16 bones, 8 each wrist
-aka wrist bones
-bones held together by ligaments
-2 rows, 4 bones each
-lateral to medial, thumb to pinky
radial tuberosity(radius)
-rough raised area that is attachment site for biceps
bottom row of carpals
-trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
-capitate is largest carpal
metacarpals
-5 each hand
-palm of your hand
-base, body head
-base proximal and head is distal
-numbered 1-5
-head makes knuckles
Top row of carpals
-scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
-scaphoid is most commonly fractured
Pelvic Girdle functions
-provide strong, stable support for vertebral column
-protect pelvic visceral organs
-attaches lower limbs to axial skeleton
phalanges
-finger/digit
-single bone is phalanx
-14 bones per hand(28 total)
-3 in finger, 2 in thumbs
-named #1-#5, thumb is #1
coxal bones(pelvic girdle)
-aka hip bones
-3 seperate bones fused together by 23
ilium(coxal)
-flat and largest part
iliac crest(ilium)
-most superficial part of bone
sciatic notch(ilium)
-where sciatic nerve passes through(posterior part)
ischium(coxal)
-lower posterior part of hip bone
-sitz bone
pubis(coxal)
-anterior and inferior part of hip bone
pubic symphysis(coxal)
-joint in front of where the hip bones connect and posteriorly joins with sacrum at sacroiliac joint
acetabulum(coxal)
-depression where the head of femur fits into obturator forament
obturator foramen
-hole in between pubis ischium
females’ pelvic girdle
-pelvic area thin and lighter
-wide with more space in pelvic inlet and outlet
-acetabulum is small and faces anterior
-obturator foramen oval
-pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees
males’ pelvic girdle
-heavy and thick
-narrow with less space in pelvic inlet and outlet
-acetabulum is large and faces more laterally
-obturator foramen round
-pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
