Axial Skeleton - Skull and Articulations

Question 1

What needs to be true in order for a bone to be considered cranial?

Answer 1

it needs to be in direct contact with the meninges

Question 2

What is the meninges?

Answer 2

“shrink wrap” covering around brain

Question 3

What is the “shrink wrap” covering around the brain called?

Answer 3

the meninges

Question 4

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Answer 4

Dura mater, Arachnoid, and Pia mater

Question 5

What are the six cranial bones?

Answer 5

1. Parietal (2)
2. Ethmoid
3. Sphenoid
4. Temporal (2)
5. Occipital
6. Frontal

Question 6

Which two cranial bones are paired?

Answer 6

Temporal and Parietal

Question 7

What is the acronym used to memorize the cranial bones?

Answer 7

PEST OF 6

Question 8

What is the cranial bone called that makes up the forehead?

Answer 8

frontal bone

Question 9

Which bones make up the cranium wall and roof?

Answer 9

parietal bones

Question 10

Which pair of bones is bordered by four sutures?

Answer 10

parietal bones

Question 11

What are the four sutures that border the parietal bones and where are they located?

Answer 11

1. coronal- separates frontal and parietal bones
2. sagittal- separates the two parietal bones
3. lambdoid- separates the parietal and occipital bones
4. squamous- separates the temporal and parietal bones

Question 12

How do the sutures work that line the parietal bones, in relationship to existence and growth from a young age?

Answer 12

When you’re born, bones are not fully connected so that you can squeeze through the birth canal, and so that your brain can grow.

Question 13

What are the soft spots on a baby’s head called?

Answer 13

fontanelles

Question 14

What are the five main components of the temporal bone?

Answer 14

zygomatic process, mandibular fossa, external auditory meatus, styloid process of the temporal bone, mastoid process, and internal auditory meatus

Question 15

What is the zygomatic process and where is it located?

Answer 15

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone pairs with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to make the zygomatic arch, or cheekbone.

Question 16

What is the mandibular fossa and where is it located?

Answer 16

an inferior notch where the mandible articulates, located on the temporal bone

Question 17

What is the external auditory meatus and where is it located?

Answer 17

external ear canal, located on the temporal bone

Question 18

What is the styloid process of the temporal bone?

Answer 18

connects muscles to the hyoid bone, looks like a small nub on the temporal bone

Question 19

What is the hyoid bone?

Answer 19

a floating bone that is at the junction of the neck and the floor of the mouth, aids tongue movement and swallowing

Question 20

What is the mastoid process and where is it located?

Answer 20

the big process behind the styloid, located on the temporal bone

Question 21

What is the internal auditory meatus?

Answer 21

the internal ear canal

Question 22

What bone consists of the rear and much of the base of the skull?

Answer 22

the occipital bone

Question 23

What is the foramen magnum, and where is it located?

Answer 23

the structure that goes right around the spinal chord, located on the occipital bone

Question 24

What is the occipital condyle?

Answer 24

a ridge on the occipital bone that articulates with C1 vertebrae, contains smooth areas that surround the foramen magnum

Question 25

What is the external occipital protuberance, and where is it located?

Answer 25

a protuberance located toward the central portion of the base of the skull, located on the occipital bone

Question 26

What are the important components of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 26

lesser wing, greater wing, body of sphenoid, medial and lateral pterygoid processes

Question 27

Where are the medial and lateral pterygoid processes located?

Answer 27

toward the inferior portion of the sphenoid bone

Question 28

What is the sella turcica and where is it located?

Answer 28

a component of the body of the sphenoid, looks like a little seat, protects the petuitary gland

Question 29

What are the two important components of the sella turcica?

Answer 29

1. hypophyseal fossa- indentation/divet | 2. dorsum sellae- ridge

Question 30

What is one major function of the sella turcica?

Answer 30

it protects the petuitary gland

Question 31

Where are the lesser and greater wings located (within the cranium)?

Answer 31

on the sphenoid bone

Question 32

What is the foramen on the lesser wing?

Answer 32

the optic foramen

Question 33

What does the optic foramen contain?

Answer 33

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Question 34

A lot of portions of the skull have holes because _____.

Answer 34

things need to move through

Question 35

What are the three foramina of the greater wing and what do they look like?

Answer 35

1. foramen rotundum- roundish 2. foramen ovale- ovular 3. foramen spinosum- spindly

Question 36

What functions is the ethmoid bone associated with?

Answer 36

smelling, sinuses, etc.

Question 37

Which portions of the cranium are considered part of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 37

the roof of the nose between the orbital cavities, lateral walls and roof of nasal cavity

Question 38

What do the cribriform plate and crista galli allow us to do?

Answer 38

smell

Question 39

The cribriform plate is associated with the _____ nerve.

Answer 39

olefactory

Question 40

Where are the cribriform plate and crista galli located?

Answer 40

on the ethmoid bone

Question 41

What is the perpendicular plate and where is it located?

Answer 41

a plate perpendicular to the cribriform plate, located on the ethmoid bone, forms part of the nasal septum

Question 42

What are conchae and where are they located?

Answer 42

"turbines" that spin air as we breathe in and protect the nasal cavity