Axial Skeleton - Skull and Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

What needs to be true in order for a bone to be considered cranial?

A

it needs to be in direct contact with the meninges

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2
Q

What is the meninges?

A

“shrink wrap” covering around brain

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3
Q

What is the “shrink wrap” covering around the brain called?

A

the meninges

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4
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, Arachnoid, and Pia mater

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5
Q

What are the six cranial bones?

A
  1. Parietal (2)
  2. Ethmoid
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Temporal (2)
  5. Occipital
  6. Frontal
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6
Q

Which two cranial bones are paired?

A

Temporal and Parietal

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7
Q

What is the acronym used to memorize the cranial bones?

A

PEST OF 6

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8
Q

What is the cranial bone called that makes up the forehead?

A

frontal bone

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9
Q

Which bones make up the cranium wall and roof?

A

parietal bones

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10
Q

Which pair of bones is bordered by four sutures?

A

parietal bones

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11
Q

What are the four sutures that border the parietal bones and where are they located?

A
  1. coronal- separates frontal and parietal bones
  2. sagittal- separates the two parietal bones
  3. lambdoid- separates the parietal and occipital bones
  4. squamous- separates the temporal and parietal bones
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12
Q

How do the sutures work that line the parietal bones, in relationship to existence and growth from a young age?

A

When you’re born, bones are not fully connected so that you can squeeze through the birth canal, and so that your brain can grow.

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13
Q

What are the soft spots on a baby’s head called?

A

fontanelles

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14
Q

What are the five main components of the temporal bone?

A

zygomatic process, mandibular fossa, external auditory meatus, styloid process of the temporal bone, mastoid process, and internal auditory meatus

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15
Q

What is the zygomatic process and where is it located?

A

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone pairs with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to make the zygomatic arch, or cheekbone.

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16
Q

What is the mandibular fossa and where is it located?

A

an inferior notch where the mandible articulates, located on the temporal bone

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17
Q

What is the external auditory meatus and where is it located?

A

external ear canal, located on the temporal bone

18
Q

What is the styloid process of the temporal bone?

A

connects muscles to the hyoid bone, looks like a small nub on the temporal bone

19
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A

a floating bone that is at the junction of the neck and the floor of the mouth, aids tongue movement and swallowing

20
Q

What is the mastoid process and where is it located?

A

the big process behind the styloid, located on the temporal bone

21
Q

What is the internal auditory meatus?

A

the internal ear canal

22
Q

What bone consists of the rear and much of the base of the skull?

A

the occipital bone

23
Q

What is the foramen magnum, and where is it located?

A

the structure that goes right around the spinal chord, located on the occipital bone

24
Q

What is the occipital condyle?

A

a ridge on the occipital bone that articulates with C1 vertebrae, contains smooth areas that surround the foramen magnum

25
Q

What is the external occipital protuberance, and where is it located?

A

a protuberance located toward the central portion of the base of the skull, located on the occipital bone

26
Q

What are the important components of the sphenoid bone?

A

lesser wing, greater wing, body of sphenoid, medial and lateral pterygoid processes

27
Q

Where are the medial and lateral pterygoid processes located?

A

toward the inferior portion of the sphenoid bone

28
Q

What is the sella turcica and where is it located?

A

a component of the body of the sphenoid, looks like a little seat, protects the petuitary gland

29
Q

What are the two important components of the sella turcica?

A
  1. hypophyseal fossa- indentation/divet

2. dorsum sellae- ridge

30
Q

What is one major function of the sella turcica?

A

it protects the petuitary gland

31
Q

Where are the lesser and greater wings located (within the cranium)?

A

on the sphenoid bone

32
Q

What is the foramen on the lesser wing?

A

the optic foramen

33
Q

What does the optic foramen contain?

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

34
Q

A lot of portions of the skull have holes because _____.

A

things need to move through

35
Q

What are the three foramina of the greater wing and what do they look like?

A
  1. foramen rotundum- roundish
  2. foramen ovale- ovular
  3. foramen spinosum- spindly
36
Q

What functions is the ethmoid bone associated with?

A

smelling, sinuses, etc.

37
Q

Which portions of the cranium are considered part of the ethmoid bone?

A

the roof of the nose between the orbital cavities, lateral walls and roof of nasal cavity

38
Q

What do the cribriform plate and crista galli allow us to do?

A

smell

39
Q

The cribriform plate is associated with the _____ nerve.

A

olefactory

40
Q

Where are the cribriform plate and crista galli located?

A

on the ethmoid bone

41
Q

What is the perpendicular plate and where is it located?

A

a plate perpendicular to the cribriform plate, located on the ethmoid bone, forms part of the nasal septum

42
Q

What are conchae and where are they located?

A

“turbines” that spin air as we breathe in and protect the nasal cavity