axial skeleton Flashcards
how many bone are in the skull
- 22
how many bones are in the neurocranium
- 8
how many bones are in the viscerocanium
- 14
how many associated bones are there, and what are they made up of
- 7 bones
- auditory ossicles (6)
- hyoid bone (1)
how many bones are in the vertebral column
- 26
what makes up the vertebral column, and how many bones are in each part
- vertebrae, 24
- sacrum, 1
- coccyx, 1
how many bones are in the thoracic cage
- 25
what makes up the thoracic cage, and how many bones are in each
- sternum, 1
- ribs, 24
what bones make up the external skull
- skull
- cranium
- calvarium
- neurocranium
viscerocranium
name the 8 bones of the neurocranium
- PESOFT
- parietal, 2
- ethmoid, 1
- sphenoid, 1
- occipital, 1
- frontal, 1
- temporal, 2
name the 14 bones of the viscerocranium
- ZPLINMMV (zipline 2005)
- zygomatic, 2
- palatine, 2
- lacrimal, 2
- inferior nasal concha, 2
- nasal, 2
- maxilla, 2
- mandible, 1
- vomer, 1
name the 3 sections of the cranial fossa
- anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa
name the 6 auditory ossicles
- malleus, 2
- incus, 2
- stapes, 2
name the major sutures
- SSSLC
- sagittal
- squamous
- sutural
- lambdoid
- coronal
what is the name of the area where the frontal, sphenoid, temporal and parietal sutures join?
- pterion
name the bones of the orbit
- FLMESPZ (flamespaz)
- frontal
- lacrimal
- maxilla
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- palatine
- zygomatic
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses
- FEMS
- frontal
- ethmoidal air
- maxillary
- sphenoidal
name the occipital bone landmarks
- external occipital protuberance
- external occipital crest
- occipital condyles
name the occipital bone foramina
- foramen magnum
- jugular foramen
- hypoglossal canal
- occipital (condylar) canal
name the parietal bone landmarks
- superior temporal line
- inferior temporal line
name the frontal bone landmarks
- frontal sinus
name the frontal bone foramina
- supraorbital foramen
- supraorbital notch
name the temporal bone landmarks
- zygomatic process (part of zygomatic arch
- mandibular (glenoid) fossa
- mastoid process
- styloid process
- auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
name the temporal bone foramina
- foramen lacerum
- external acoustic (auditory) meatus (canal)
- internal acoustic meatus
- stylomastoid foramen
- carotid canal
name the sphenoidal bone landmarks
- sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa)
- lesser wing
- greater wing
- sphenoidal sinus
pterygoid processes
- lateral pterygoid plate
- medial pterygoid plate
- pterygoid fossa
name the sphenoidal bone foramina
- foramen ovale
- foramen spinosum
- foramen lacerum
- optic canals
- superior orbital fissure
- inferior orbital fissure
- foramen rotundum
name the ethmoidal bone landmarks
- cribriform plate
- crista galli
- superior nasal conchae
- middle nasal conchae
- perpendicular plate
name the ethmoidal foramina
- olfactory foramina
what comprise the nasal septum
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
- vomer
- cartilage of septum
- crest of maxillary bone
- crest of palatine bone
name the landmarks of the maxillary bone
- maxillary sinus
- alveolar processes and margin
- anterior nasal spine
- palatine process of hard palate
- maxillary tuberosity
name the maxillary foramina
- infraorbital foramen
- nasolacrimal canal
- incisive fossa
name the palatine bone landmarks
- horizontal plate of hard palate
name the palatine bone foramina
- greater palatine foramen
- lesser palatine foramen
- choanae
what comprises the hard palate (hard palate is part of palatine bone)
- palatine process of maxilla
- horizontal plates of palatine bone
- transverse palatine suture
median palatine suture:
- intermaxillary suture
- interpalatine suture
name the zygomatic bone landmarks
- temporal process
name the mandibular landmarks
- body
- angle
- ramus
- coronoid process
- condylar process
- mandibular notch
- alveolar processes and margin
name the mandibular foramina
- mandibular foramen
- mental foramen
list the vertebrae in the vertebral column, with numbers of each
- cervical, 7
- thoracic, 12
- lumbar, 5
- sacrum, 5
- coccyx, 3-5
list the landmarks of a vertabrae
- body
- arch
- pedicle
- lamina
- superior articular process
- inferior articular process
- transverse process
- spinous process
describe the atlas (C1)
- articulates with occipital condyles
- atlanto-occipital joint
- no body or spinous process
- anterior and posterior tubercules
- lateral masses
describe the axis (C2)
- atlantoaxial joint
- odontoid process or dens
what vertebrae has costal facets
- thoracic
list the landmarks of the sacrum
- base
- apex
- median sacral crest
- posterior sacral foramina
list the parts of the intervertebral discs
- annulus fibrosus
- nucleus pulposus
how many pairs of ribs are in the rib cage?
how many are true, false, and floating?
what else is featured in the ribcage?
- 12
- 7 true rib pairs
- 5 false paris
- 2 of the false are floating
- sternum
- costal cartilage
name the landmarks of the sternum
- manubrium (looks like superman crest, located in same area)
- jugular notch
- body
- costal notch
- xiphoid process
name the landmarks on a rib
- head
- neck
- costal tubercle
- costal angle
- body
