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Myology > Axial Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Axial Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

Pectorals Major

A

O: clavicular head- medial 1/2 clavicle
Sternal head- sternum and costal cartilages #1-7

I: lateral lip of bicipital groove

A: FLEXION, adduction & medial rotation of the arm @ GH jt
Horizontal adduction of arm @ GH jt

N: medial & lateral pictorial nerves

A: thoraco-acromial artery (branch of axillary)

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1
Q

Trapezius

A

O: upper- external occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 nuchal ligament, spinous process C7.
Middle- spinous process of T1-T5.
Lower- spinous process of T6- T12

I: Upper-acromion & lateral clavicle.
Middle- acromion and spine of scapula
Lower: root of spine of scapula

A: all 3 fibers retract the scapula at the scapulacostal jt.
Upper- elevate the scapula @ scapulacostal jt
Middle- retract the scapula @ scapulacostal jt
Lower- depress the scapula @ scapulacostal jt

N: spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)

A: transverse cervical & dorsal scapular artery

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2
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

O: ribs #3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: protraction & depression of scapula @ the scapulocostal jt
Elevates ribs #3-5 @ sternocostal & costal spinal jts

N: medial & lateral pictorial nerves

A: thoraco-acromial artery (branch of the axillary)

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3
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

O: anterior portion of ribs #1-9

I: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

A: prostration and upwards rotation of the scapula @ scapulacostal jt

N: long thoracic nerve

A: dorsal scapular (subclavian) & lateral thoracic artery (axillary)

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4
Q

Subclavius

A

O: 1st rib

I: middle of inferior surface of clavicle

A: depresses clavicle @ sternoclavicular jt.
Elevates 1st rib @ sternocostal and costalspinal jts

N: brachial plexus (subclavian C5 & C6)

A: suprascapular & branch from axillary

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5
Q

External Intercostals

A

O: inferior border of ribs# 1-11

I: superior surface of rib below origin.
(From anterior rib all the way around to vertebrae)

A: elevatin of ribs #2-12 @ sternocostal & costalspinal jts, (during inspiration)

N: intercostal nerves

A: anterior & posterior intercostal nerves

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6
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

O: superior border of ribs 2-12

I: inferior surface of rib above origin point.

A: depresses ribs #1-11 @ sternocostal & costalspinal jts. (During expiration)

N: intercostal nerves

A: anterior & posterior intercostal arteries.

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7
Q

Innermost Intercostals

A

O: interior of superior surface of rib below insertion

I: interior of inferior surface of rib above origin

A: depresses ribs #1-11 @ sternocostal & costalspinal jts (during expiration)

N: intercostal nerves

A: anterior & posterior intercostal arteries

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8
Q

Transversus Thoracis

Sternocostalis

A

O: internal surface of sternum, xiphoid process & costal cartilages

I: internal surfaces of costal cartilages #2-5

A: depresses ribs #2-5 @ sternocostal & costalspinal jts (during expiration)

N: intercostal nerves

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9
Q

External Obliques

A

O: pubic bone (crest & tubercle), anterior iliac crest & abdominal aponeurosis

I: inferior border of ribs #5-12

A: Flexion, lateral Flexion & contralateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal jts.
Posterior pelvic tilt

N: intercostal nerves (ventral rami T7-T12)

A: posterior intercostal, sub costal, inferior epigastric & deep circumflex iliac arteries

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10
Q

Internal Obliques

A

O: inguinial ligament, pelvic crest, thoraco lumbar (TL) fascia

I: ribs #10-12, abdominal aponeurosis

A: Flexion, lateral Flexion & ipsilateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal jts
Posterior pelvicl tilt

N: intercostal nerve (ventral rami T7-T12)

A: posterior intercostal, us costal, inferior epigastric & deep circumflex iliac arteries

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11
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

O: pubis (symphysis & crest)

I: xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs #5-7

A: Flexion of the trunk @ spinal jts
Posterior pelvic tilt

N: Intercostal nerves (ventral rami T5-T12)

A: superior & inferior epigastric, posterior Intercostals

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12
Q 
Transverse Abdominus 
(Corsette or cumberbun muscle)
A

O: inguinal ligaments, iliac crest, TL fascia, costal cartilage

I: abdominal aponeurosis

A: compresses the abdominopelvic cavity

N: intercostal nerves (ventral rami T7-L1)

A: posterior intercostal, us costal, inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac

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13
Q

Pyramidalis

20% of people do not have this muscle

A

O: Anterior portion of pubic crest

I: distal 1/3 of line of alba

A: tenses the line of alba during Flexion of the trunk @ spinal jts.
Posterior pelvic tilt

N: sub costal nerve

A: superior, inferior gastric & posterior intercostal

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14
Q

Diaphragm

A

O: Lumbar spine (L1-L3), ribs #7-12 (internal surface) & their costal cartilages, sternum (xiphoid process)

I: central tendon of diaphragm

A: increases the volume of the thoracic cavity via abdominal breathing. (During inspiration)

N: phrenic nerve

A: branches of the aorta & internal thoracic artery

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15
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: vertebral bodies, transverse processes & discs from T12-L5

I: lesser trochanter of femur (merges with iliacus)

A: flexion & lateral rotation of the thigh @ the hip jt. Flexion & lateral flexion, of the trunk @ the spinal jts. Anterior pelvic tilt.

N: lumbar plexus

A: lumbar arteries

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16
Q

Psoas minor

Missing in 40% of people

A

O: bodies, discs & transverse processes of T12-L1

I: pubis (pectineal line)

A: Flexion of the trunk @ the spinal jts, posterior pelvic tilt

N: L1 spinal nerve

A: lumbar arteries, common iliac arteries

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17
Q

Iliacus

A

O: anterior surface of the internal ilium (upper 2/3 iliac fossa, AIIS & sacral ala)

I: lesser trochanter of femur (merges with Psoas major)

A: flexion & lateral rotation of the thigh @ the hip jt. Anteriorelvic tilt.

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18
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

O: inferior part of nuchal ligament & spinous processes of C7-T4
I: mastoid process & lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occiput.
A: extention, lateral Flexion & ipsilateral rotation of the head @ neck and spinal jts.
N: cervical spine
A:
occipital artery

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19
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A 
O: spinous process of T3-T6
I: transverse process of C1-C3
A: extension, lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of neck @ spinal jts.
N: cervical spinal
A: occipital artery
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20
Q

Suboccipitals - Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

O: posterior tubercle of C1 (atlas)
I: medial 1/2 of inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: extention & protraction of the head @ CO/C1 jt (occiput and c1)
N: suboccipital nerve
A: occipital artery (& vertebral)

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21
Q

Suboccipitals- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A 
O: spinous process of C2 (axis)
I: lateral 1/2 of inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: extension of head @ CO/C1 jt
N: suboccipital nerve
A: occipital artery (& vertebral)
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22
Q

Suboccipitals- Obliquus Capitus Inferior

A 
O: spinous process of C2 (axis)
I:  transverse process of C1 (atlas)
A: ipsilateral rotation of the atlas @ C1/C2 jt
N: suboccipital nerve
A: occipital artery (& vertebral)
23
Q

Suboccipitals- Obliquus Capitus Superior

A

O: transverse process of C1 (atlas)
I: occiput between superior & inferior nuchal lines
A: protraction & contralateral rotation of the head @ CO/C1 jt
N: suboccipital nerve
A: occipital artery (&vertebral)

24
Q

Platysma

A

O- subcutaneous fascia of pectoralis & deltoid.
I- mandible & subcutaneous fascia of lower face
A- draws the skin of the superior chest and neck up. Creates the ridges of the neck.
N- facial nerve
A- facial artery

25
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O- 2 heads: Sternal head- manubrium
Clavicular head- medial 1/3 of clavicle
I- mastoid process of temporal bone & lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occiput.
A- Flexion of the lower neck @ spinal jts. Extention of the head & upper neck @ spinal jts. Lateral Flexion & contralateral rotation of head & neck @ spinal jts.
N- spinal accessory nerve (CN11). Same as traps!
A- occipital & auricular arteries.

26
Q

Anterior Scalenes

A

O- transverse processes of C3- C6 (anterior tubercle)
I- rib#1
A- Flexion & lateral Flexion of the neck @ spinal jts. Elevation of rib#1 @ sternocostal & costalspinal jts
N- cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
A- cervical artery

27
Q

Middle Scalenes

A

O- transverse processes of C2-C7 (posterior tubercle)
I- rib #1
A- Flexion and lateral Flexion of the neck @ spinal jts. Elevation of rib #1 @ costalspinal & sternocostal jts.
N- cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
A- cervical artery (ascending)

28
Q

Posterior Scalenes

A

O- transverse processes of C5-C7 (posterior tubercle)
I- rib#2
A- lateral Flexion of the neck @ spinal jts. Elevation of rib #2 @ costalspinal & sternocostal jts.
N- cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
A- cervical artery (transverse)

29
Q

Rectus Capitis anterior

A

O- transverse process of C1
I- anterior foramen magnum of the occiput
A- lateral Flexion of head @ C0/C1 jt. (Opposer to the Rectus Capitus posterior min & major)
N- cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
A- vertebral artery

30
Q

Rectus Capitis lateralis

A 
O- transverse process of C1
I- jugular process of the occiput
A- lateral Flexion of head @ C0/C1
N- cervical spinal nerve (ventral rami)
A- vertebral artery
31
Q

Longus colli (prevertebral)

A

3 parts - superior, inferior oblique, vertical
O- vertebral bodies & transverse processes of C3-T3
I- vertebral bodies & transverse processes of C1-C6
A- Flexion of the neck @ spinal jts
N- cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
A- vertebral & inferior thyroid artery

32
Q

Longus Capitus (prevertebral)

A 
O-transverse processes of C3-C5
I- anterior to foramen magnum on the occiput
A- Flexion of the neck @ spinal jts
N- cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami)
A- vertebral & inferior thyroid artery
33
Q

Mylohyoid

A

O- inner surface of mandible, myohyoid line
I- hyoid
A- elevates the hyoid, depresses the mandible @ the TMJ, Flexion of the head & neck @ spinal jts
N- trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
A- inferior alveolar nerve

34
Q

Geniohyoid - deep to mylohyoid

A

O- inner surface of mandible, inferior mental spine
I- hyoid
A- elevates the hyoid, depressed the mandible @ the TMJ, flexion of the head & neck @ spinal jts
N- hypoglossal nerve (CN12)
A- lingual artery

35
Q

Digastric

A

2 bellies
O- posterior: mastoid notch of temporal bone
Anterior: digastric fossa of mandible
I- posterior: hyoid bone via central tendon
Anterior: hyoid bone via central tendon
A- elevates the hyoid , depresses the mandible @ the TMJ, flexion of the head and neck @ spinal jts
N- anterior: trigeminal nerve (CN5)
Posterior: facial nerve (CN7)
A: occipital, posterior auricular & facial arteries

36
Q

Stylohyoid

A 
O- Styloid process of the temporal bone
I- hyoid
A- elevates the hyoid
N- facial nerve (CN7)
A- occipital, posterior auricular & facial arteries
37
Q

Thyrohyoid

A 
O- thyroid cartilage
I- hyoid
A- depresses the hyoid, Flexion of the head & neck @ spinal jts
N- hypoglossal nerve (CN12)
A- superior thyroid artery
38
Q

Omohyoid

A 
2 bellies 
O- Inferior: superior border of scapula 
Superior: clavicle
I- inferior: clavicle via central tendon
Superior: hyoid bone
A- depresses the hyoid, Flexion of the head & neck @ the spinal jts
N- cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)
A- superior thyroid & transverse cervical)
39
Q

Sternohyoid

A 
O- sternum (manubrium & medial clavicle)
I- hyoid
A- depresses the hyoid, Flexion of the head & neck @ the spinal jts
N- cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)
A- superior thyroid artery
40
Q

Sternothyroid

A

O- sternum (posterior portion of manubrium & clavicle)
I- thyroid
A- depresses the thyroid cartilage, Flexion of the head and neck @ spinal jts
N- cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)
A- superior thyroid artery

41
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

“Swimmer’s Muscle”

A

O- spinous processes of T7-L5, posterior iliac crest & sacrum, lower 4 ribs and sometimes inferior angle of scapula.
I- medial lip of bicipital groove.
A- extension, medial rotation & adduction of the arm @ GH jt. Minor anterior pelvic tilt
N: thoraco-dorsal nerve
A- thoraco-dorsal & posterior intercostal arteries

42
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

O- spinous process of T2-T5
I- inferior portion of medial border of scapula between the root of the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle
A- retract & elevates the scapula @ scapulacostal jt.
N: dorsal scapular nerve
A: dorsal scapular artery

43
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

O- spinous process of C7-T1
I- superior portion of medial border of scapula @ root of the spine of the scapula
A: retracts and elevates the scapula @ scapulacostal jt.
N: dorsal scapular nerve
A- dorsal scapular artery

44
Q

Levator Scapula

A

O- transverse processes of C1-C4
I- superior angle & superior portion of medial border of scapula
A- elevates the scapula @ scapulacostal jt, extension & lateral Flexion of the neck @ spinal jt.
N- dorsal scapular nerve
A- dorsal scapular artery

45
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

O- spinous process of C7- T3
I- ribs #2-5 (superior borders and external surfaces)
A-elevates ribs #2-5 @ sternocostal and costal spinal jt during breathing.
N: intercostal nerves
A- posterior intercostal arteries

46
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

O- spinous processes of T11-L2
I- ribs #9-12, inferior borders & external surfaces
A- depresses ribs 9-12 @ sternocostal & costovertebral jt
N- subcostal & intercostal arteries

47
Q

Iliocostalis

The most lateral of the erector Spinae”

A

O- (L): medial iliac crest & medial sacral crest (T):ribs #7-12, (C) ribs #3-6
I- (L): ribs #7-12, (T) ribs #1-6 & tvp C7, (C) tvps C4-C6
A- extention, lateral flexion,ipsilateral rotation of neck and trunk @ spinal jts, anteriorly rotates the pelvis.
N- spinal nerves, L,T,C
A- posterior intercostal & lumbar arteries

48
Q

Longissimus

Intermediate of the erector spinae

A

O- (T) medial iliac crest, sacrum & transverse processes of L1-L5, (Crv) transverse processes of T1-T5, (Cap) transverse processes of T1-T5 & articular processes of C4-C7
I- (T) transverse process of entire thoracic spine & ribs #3-12, (Crv) transverse processes of C2-C6, (Cap) mastoid process of the occiput
A- extention, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation of the head, neck and trunk @ spinal jts, anteriorly rotates the pelvis
N- spinal nerves, C,T,L
A- posterior intercostal & lumbar arteries

49
Q

Spinalis

The most medial of the erector spinae

A

O- (T) spinous process of T11-L2, (Crv) inferior nuchal ligament & spinous process of C7
I- (T) spinous process of T4-T8, (Crv) spinous process of C2
Capitus is medial semispinalis Capitus
A- extention and lateral Flexion of the neck & trunk @ spinal jts, anteriorly rotates the pelvis
N- spinal nerves, C,T no L
A- posterior & intercostal lumbar arteries

50
Q

Semispinalis

Transverso-Spinalis Group

A

O: T- transverse processes of T6-T10, Cerv- transverse processes of T1-T5, Cap- transverse processes of C7-T6 & articular processes of C4-C6
I: T- spinous processes of C6-T4, Cerv- spinous processes of C2-C5, Cap- between superior & inferior nuchal lines of occiput
A: extention, lateral flexion of head, neck & trunk @ spinal joints. No head rotation.
N: spinal nerves, cervical, thoracic
A: occipital, posterior intercostal & deep cervical arteries

51
Q

Multifidus

Transverso-Spinalis Group

A

O: L- mamillory processes of all vertebrae, T- transverse processes of all vertebrae, C- articular process of C4-C7 (runs entire spine from sacrum/ilium & PSIS to C2.
I: spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 segments above. No head attachment!
A: extention, lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of neck & trunk @ spinal jts. Anterior pelvic rotation.
N: spinal nerves, cervical, thoracic, lumbar
A: occipital, posterior intercostal & lumbar arteries

52
Q

Rotatores

Transverso-Spinalis Group

A

O- inferior transverse processes of L5-C2 (runs entire spine C2-L5
I- lamina of vertebrae 1-2 segments above.
A- extention & contralateral rotation of neck & trunk @ spinal jts.
N- spinal nerves, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
A- occipital, posterior intercostal & lumbar arteries

53
Q

Interspinalis

Found at every level except the thoracic

A

O: transverse process of lower vertebrae of cervical and lumbar
I: transverse process of higher vertebrae cervical and lumbar.
A: extention of neck and trunk @ spinal jt.
N: spinal nerves
A: posterior intercostal

54
Q

Levator Costarum

A 
O: transverse process of C7-T11
I: ribs #1-12 @ tubercle. (C7-r1, T1-r2...)
A: elevates ribs
N: spinal nerves
A: posterior intercostal
55
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

O: posterior iliac crest
I: 12th rib & transverse processes of L1-T4
A: extention & lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal jts, anteriorly rotates the pelvis, elevates the pelvis at lumbosacral jt
N: lumbar plexus
A: subcostal, lumbar & iliolumbar arteries

56
Q

Subcostales

A 
O: internal surface of ribs 10-12
I: internal surface of ribs 8-10
A: depresses the ribs 8-10 @ sternocostal & costalspinal jts during forced exhalation.
N: intercostal nerves
A: posterior intercostal arteries

Myology (3 decks)

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