Appendicular Skeletal Muscles Flashcards
Rotator cuff
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet) A: lateral rotation of the arm @ GH jt N: suprascapular nerve A: suprascapular artery
Rotator cuff muscles.
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of humerus A: abduction of arm @ GH jt N: suprascapular nerve A: suprascapular artery
Rotator cuff
Teres minor
O: superior middle of lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)
A: adduction of arm @ GH jt
N: axillary nerve
A: circumflex scapular & circumflex humeral artery
Rotator Cuff
Subscapularis
O: subspinous fossa of scapula I: lesser tubercle of humerus A: medial rotation of arm @ GH jt N: subscapular nerve A: Circumflex scapular dorsal and supra scapular artery
Anterior Forearm
Superficial
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: 2 heads: medial epicondyle via the CFT & proximal ulna
I: pisiform, hook of hamate & metacarpal #5
A: flexion of hand @ wrist, ulnar deviates, elbow flexion
N: ulnar nerve
A: ulnar artery
HAND Central Compartment
Dorsal interossei manus
How many are there?
There are 4 dorsal interossei manus.
O: Bodies of metacarpals 1-5. (All bi-pennate)
I: Base of proximal phalanx of fingers 2,3 & 4
A: Abduction of digits 2,3 & 4 @ MCP jt DABB
N: Ulnar nerve
A: Radial and ulnar artery
Teres major
O: inferior portion of lateralborder of scapula
I: medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus.
A: medial rotation, adduction, extension of arm @ GH jt.
N: lower subscapular nerve
A: circumflex scapular artery
Deltoids
O: Anterior - lateral 1/3 of clavicle
O: Middle - acromion process
O: Inferior - spine of the scapula
I: all 3 deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A: anterior - abduction, flexion, medial rotation, horizontal adduction @GH jt
A: middle - abduction @ GH jt
A: inferior - abduction, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction @ GH jt
N: axillary nerve
A: circumflex artery
Superficial posterior forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: lateral supracondylar ridge I: posterior base of metacarpal #2 A: extends hand @ wrist, radial deviation N: radial nerve A: brachial and radial artery
Biceps brachii
O: long head: supragleniod tubercle
short head: corocoid process of scapula
I: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
A: flexion of arm @ GH jt & elbow jt, supination of forearm @ radioulnar jt
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
A: brachial artery
Brachialis
The main elbow flexor
O: distal 1/2 anterior shaft of humerus I: ulnar tuberosity & coronoid process A: flexes arm @ elbow jt N: musculocutaneous nerve A: brachial artery
Coracobrachialis
Uppercut muscle
O: corocoid process of the scapula I: middle 1/3 portion of humerus A: Flexion & adduction of arm @ GH jt N: musculocutaneous nerve A: brachial artery
Brachioradialis
Beer drinking muscle
O: lateral supracondylar ridge I: styloid process of the radius A: flexion @ elbow jt, Pronates & supinates forearm @ radioulnar jt N: radial nerve A: brachial & radial artery
Pronator teres
O: humeral head: medial epicondyle via CFT, Ulnar head: coronoid coronoid process of the ulna
I: lateral aspect of radius
A: Pronates forearm @ proximal radioulnar jt, flexes forearm at elbow jt
N: median nerve
A: ulnar & radial artery
Anterior superficial forearm
Flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle via the CFT I: base of #2 & 3 metacarpal A: flexes hand @ wrist jt, radial deviates hand, flexes arm @ elbow jt N: median nerve A: radial and ulnar artery
Triceps brachii
O: long head - infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head - proximal 1/2 posterior humerus
Medial head - distal 1/2 of shaft of humerus
I: all 3 insert into olecranon process
A: extension of elbow jt, long head: extention of arm @ GH jt
N: Radial nerve
A: deep brachial artery
Anterior superficial forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: 2 heads - medial epicondyle via the CFT, proximal ulna
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of metacarpal #5
A: flexes hand @ wrist joint, ulnar deviates the hand, flexes the elbow jt
N: ulnar nerve
A: ulnar artery
Anterior superficial forearm
Palmaris longus
O: Medial epicondyle via the CFT
I: palmar aponeurosis & flexor retinaculum
A: flexes hand @ wrist jt, flexes elbow jt
N: median nerve
A: ulnar artery
Posterior deep forearm
Extensor indicis
O: posterior distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: dorsal side of middle and distal phalanges of digit 2 via the dorsal digital expansion
A: extends hand @ wrist jt, extends index finger @ MCP, PIP & DIP
N: radial nerve
A: posterior interosseous artery
Posterior forearm
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle & supinator crest of ulna.
I: proximal 1/3 of radius, posterior, lateral and anterior surfaces
A: supination of the forearm @ distal radioulnar jt
N: radial nerve
A: radial & interosseous artery
Anterior deep forearm
Pronator quadratus
O: anterior distal ulna I: anterior distal radius A: pronation of forearm @ distal radioulnar jt N: median nerve A: anterior interosseous artery
Anterior deep forearm
Flexor pollicus longus
O: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of digit #1
A: flexes thumb @ CMC, MCP, PIP, flexes hand @ humeralradial jt
N: median nerve
A: radial and anterior interosseous membrane
Anterior intermediate forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: HUMERAL ULNAR HEAD: medial epicondyle via CFT & coronoid process of ulna, RADIAL HEAD: proximal 1/3 of radius
I: anterior palmar surface of middle phalange of digits 2-5
A: flexes fingers 2-5 @ MCP, PIP jt, flexes hand @ wrist jt, flexes elbow jt.
N: median nerve
A: ulnar and radial artery
Anterior deep forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: medial anterior ulna and interosseous membrane.
I: palmar anterior surfaces of distal phalanges 2-5.
A: flexes phalanges 2-5 @ MCP, DIP jt, flexes hand @ wrist jt
N: median & ulnar nerve
A: radial, ulnar and interosseous artery
The Hand
Thenar
Opponens Pollicis
O: flexor retinaculum & trapezium I: 1st metacarpal (anterior and lateral surface) wraps around the outside of metacarpal. A: opposition of thumb via the CMC jt N: median (ulnar) nerve A: radial artery
Posterior Superficial Forearm
Anconeus
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: posterior proximal ulna A: extention of elbow N: radial nerve A: deep brachial, radial artery
Posterior Superficial Forearm
Extensor digiti minimi
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the CET
I: middle and distal phalanges of digit #5 via the dorsal digital expansion.
A: extends hand @ wrist jt, extends phalange #5 @ MCP, PIP & DIP jt
N: radial nerve
A: posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Deep Forearm
Extensor indicis
O: Posterior distal 1/3 of ulna & interosseous membrane.
I: posterior side of middle & distal phalanges of digit #2 via the dorsal digital expansion.
A: extends index finger (digit #2) @ MCP, PIP &DIP jt. Extends hand @ wrist.
N: radial nerve
A: posterior interosseous artery
The Hand
Superficial Fascia
Palmar Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
I: dermis of ulnar side of hand
A: wrinkles skin, contributes to gripping.
N: ulnar nerve
A: ulnar and radial artery
Posterior Forearm
Outcropping muscle
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: posterior 1/3 of radius, distal 1/3 of interosseous membrane,
I: posterior base of proximal phalange of 1st digit. (Thumb)
A: extends hand @ wrist jt. Extends thumb @ CMC & MCP jt.
N: radial nerve
A: posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Outcropping muscle
Abductor pollicis longus
O: middle 1/3 of posterior ulna, radius & interosseous membrane I: posterior base of metacarpal #1 A: abducts the thumb @ CMC JT N: radial nerve A: posterior interosseous Artery
Posterior Forearm
Outcropping muscle
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle via the CET, posterior middle 1/3 ulna.
I: posterior base of metacarpal 5
A: extends hand @ wrist jt, ulnar deviation
N: radial nerve
A: posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Outcropping muscle
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
O: lateral epicondyle via the CET I: posterior base of metacarpal #3 A: extends the hand @ wrist jt, radial deviation N: radial nerve A: brachial and radial nerve
Posterior Forearm Deep
Outcropping muscles
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: posterior middle 1/3 ulna, middle of interosseous membrane.
I: posterior base of distal phalange of digit 1 (thumb) via digital dorsal expansion
A: extends the thumb @ CMC, MCP & IP
N: radial nerve
A: posterior interosseous artery
The Hand
The Central Compartment
Palmar Interossei Manus
How many palmar interossei are there?
There are 3 palmar inerossei. O: base of metacarpals 2, 4 & 5. I: base of proximal phalanx of 2, 4 & 5. A: adduction of 2, 4 & 5 @ MCP jt N: ulnar nerve A: radial and ulnar artery
The Hand
The Central Compartment
Adductor Pollicis
O: 2 heads: oblique - bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals & capitate. Transverse - distal portion of 3rd metacarpal.
I: both insert into the medial side of proximal phalanx of the thumb. (Oblique head goes thru sesamoids)
A: adduction of thumb
N: ulnar nerve
A: radial artery
The Hand
Central Compartment
Dorsal Interossei Manus
How many dorsal interossei are there?
O: bodies of metacarpals 1-5. (All bi-pennate)
I: base of proximal phalanx of fingers 2, 3 & 4.
A: abduction of digits 2, 3 & 4 @ MCP jt. DAB!
N: ulnar nerve
A: radial and ulnar artery.
There are 4 dorsal interossei manus.
The Hand
Central Compartment
Lumbercals
O&I: tendons of FDP - prox tendons of ex digi.
#1- lateral MC2 to lateral prox phalanx 2.
#2- lateral MC3 to lateral prox phalanx 3.
#3- lateral MC4 & medial MC3 to prox phalanx 4.
#4- lateral MC5 & medial MC4 to prox phalanx 5.
A: Flexion of digits 2-5 @ MCP jt, extension of digits 2-5 @ PIP jt.
N: median & ulnar nerve
A: ulnar and radial artery
The Hand
Hypothenar
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: flexor retinaculum & hook of hamate. I: 5th metacarpal - medial surface A: opposition of 5th (pinky) digit @ CMC jt. N: ulnar nerve A: ulnar artery
Posterior Forearm Superficial
Extensor Digitorum
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus via the CET
I: middle & distal phalange of digits 2-5 via the dorsal digital expansion.
A: extends hand @ wrist jt, extends fingers 2-5 @ MCP, PIP & DIP. Extends elbow.
N: radial nerve
A: posterior interosseous artery
The Hand
Thenar
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum and trapezium I: proximal phalange of #1 A: flexes thumb (digit #1) @ CMC & MCP jt N: median (ulnar) nerve A: radial artery
The Hand Superficial
Thenar
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium. I: proximal phalange #1 (thumb) A: abduction of thumb @ CMC jt N: median nerve A: radial artery
The Hand
Hypothenar
Flexor Digiti Minimi Manus
O: flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate. I: proximal base of digit #5 A: flexes digit #5 (pinky) @ MCP jt N: ulnar nerve A: ulnar artery
The Hand
Hypothenar superficial
Abductor Digiti Minimi Manus
O: pisiform & tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris I: proximal phalange of digit #5 (pinky) A: abduction of digit #5 @ CMC, MCP jt N: ulnar nerve A: ulnar artery
Gluteus Maximus
O: posterior iliac spine, edge of sacrum.
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: extention, lateral rotation, abduction of upper 1/3 of thigh @hip jt, adduction of lower 2/3 of thigh @ hip jt, posterior pelvis tilt.
N: inferior gluteal nerve (only glute max)
A: inferior and superior gluteal artery
Gluteus medius
O: external ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction, anterior fibers- flex hip, medial rotation, anterior tilt of pelvis, posterior fibers- extend hip, lateral rotation, posterior tilt of pelvis
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: superior gluteal artery
Gluteus minimus
O: external ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction, anterior fibers- Flexion of hip, medial rotation, anterior tilt of pelvis, posterior fibers- extension of hip, lateral rotation, posterior tilt of pelvis
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: superior gluteal artery
Piriformis
O: anterior sacrum
I: superior medial aspect of greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of thigh at hip jt, horizontal abduction if thigh is flexed to 90 degrees
N:piriformis nerve
A:superior and inferior gluteal nerve
Superior Gemellus
O: ischial spine
I: medial aspect of the greater trochanter
A: laterally rotates thigh at hip jt, horizontally abducts if thigh is flexed to 90 degrees
N: nerve to the obturator internus
A: inferior gluteal artery
Obturator Internus
O: internal surface of the obturator foramen
I: medial aspect of the greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip jt, horizontal adduction if the thigh is flexed to 90 degrees
N: obturator nerve
A: obturator artery and inferior and superior gluteal arteries
Inferior Gemellus
O: the superior aspect of the ischial tuberosity.
I: the greater trochanter
A: laterally rotates the thigh at the hip jt, horizontally abducts when the thigh is flexed to 90 degrees
N: quadratus femoris nerve
A: inferior gluteal and obturator artery
Obturator externus
O: external surface of the obturator foramen I: trochanteric fossa A: laterally rotates thigh at hip jt N: obturator nerve A: obturator artery
Quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric fossa
A: lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip jt
N: quadratus femoris nerve
A: inferior gluteal and obturator arteries
Biceps femoris
O: Long head- ischial tuberosity, short head- linea aspera
I: head of the fibula
A: Flexion of the leg @ the knee jt, extention of the thigh @ the hip jt, posterior pelvic tilt
N: sciatic nerve
A: inferior gluteal, obturator, deep femoral arteries
Semiteninosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: anterior medial tibia , viva the pes anserine
A: flexion of the leg @ the knee jt extension of the thigh @ hip jt, posterior pelvis tilt
N: sciatic nerve
A: inferior gluteal nerve, obturator, deep femoral arteries
Semimembranosis
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A: Flexion of the leg @ knee jt, extention of thigh @ hip jt, posterior pelvic tilt
N: sciatic nerve
A: inferior gluteal, obturator, deep femoral arteries
ITB - ilio tibial band
A band of dense connective tissue that the tensor fascia latae and the gluteus Maximus attach into. It originates at the posterior iliac crest and connects into the lateral ,condyle of the tibia and the patella. There is some attachment at the head of the fibula
TFL - tensor fascia latae
O: ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine
I: ITB - ilio tibial band, proximal 1/3
A: Flexion, abduction and medial rotation of the thigh @ hip jt. Anterior pelvic tilt.
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: superior gluteal and deep femoral arteries
Satorius
“The tailor muscle”
O: ASIS I: medial tibia via the pes anserine A: Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of thigh @ hip jt, Flexion of leg @ knee jt, anterior pelvic tilt N: femoral nerve A: femoral artery
Gastrocnemius
O: posterior aspects of distal medial & lateral condyle of the femur.
I: calcaneus via Achilles’ tendon
A: plantar Flexion of foot @ ankle jt, Flexion of leg @ knee jt
N: tibia nerve
A: popliteal artery
Soleus
O: soleal line of tibia, head of proximal 1/3 of fibula I: calcaneus via Achilles' tendon A: plantar Flexion of foot @ ankle jt N: tibial nerve A: popliteal artery
Rectus femoris
O: AIIS
I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
A: Flexion of thigh @ hip jt, extention of leg @ knee jt, anterior pelvic tilt
N: femoral nerve
A: femoral, deep femoral arteries
Vastus lateralis
O: Lateral lip of Linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
A: extention of leg @ knee jt, some external knee rotation
N: femoral nerve
A: femoral, deep femoral & popliteal arteries
What are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius.
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
What artery gives blood supply to it?
Nerve innervation of the anterior compartment of the lower leg comes from the deep fibular nerve.
Arterial supply comes from the anterior tibial artery.
Anterior compartment of the lower leg.
Tibialis anterior
O: proximal lateral tibia & proximal 2/3 interosseous membrane & anterior surface of tibia
I: dorsal (possibly plantar) part of 1st cuneiform & 1st metatarsal.
A: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot @ ankle jt
N: deep fibular nerve
A: anterior tibial nerve
Anterior compartment of lower leg
Extensor hallucis longus.
O: middle anterior fibula,(middle 1/3 of fibula & interosseous membrane.
I: dorsal surface of big toe, distal phalanx
A: extends big toe @ MTP jt & IP jt, Dorsiflexes and inverts foot @ ankle jt
N: deep fibular nerve
A: anterior tibial artery
Anterior compartment of lower leg
Extensor digitorum longus
O: proximal anterior fibula, proximal 2/3 fibula, proximal 1/3 interosseous membrane, lateral tibial condyle.
I: dorsal surface of toes 2-5, middle distal phalanges via the dorsal digital expansion.
A: extends toes 2-5 @ MTP jt, PIP jt & DIP jt. Dorsiflexes mind everts foot.
N: deep fibular nerve
A: anterior tibial artery
Anterior compartment of the lower leg
Fibularis tertius
O: distal 1/3 anterior fibula and interosseous membrane I: dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal A: Dorsiflexes, everts foot N: deep fibular nerve A: anterior tibial artery
What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
The 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg are Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis.
What nerve innervates the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
What artery supples blood to the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
The superficial fibular nerve.
The fibular artery.
Lateral compartment of the lower leg.
Fibularis longus
O: head of fibula & proximal 1/2 of lateral fibula.
I: plantar surface of cuneiform & 1st metatarsal. (It hooks around the cuboid)
A: eversion and plantar Flexion of foot @ ankle jt
N: superficial fibular nerve
A: fibular artery
Which muscles of the appendicular skeleton have 2 nerve innervations?
Subscapularus, flexor digitorum profundus
What muscles make up the wad of 3?
Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis.
What muscles make up the anatomical snuff box?
Extensor pollicus longus, abductor pollicus longus, extensor pollicus brevis
