Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY 1120 > Axial Muscles- Muscles of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Axial Muscles- Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are axial muscles?

A
  • Have both their attachments on parts of the axial skeleton
  • Support and move the head and spinal column
  • Function in nonverbal communication by affecting facial features, move the mandible when chewing, assist in food processing/swallowing, aid in breathing and support/protect the abdominal and pelvic organs
  • These muscles are not responsible for stabilizing or moving the pectoral or pelvic girdles or their attached limbs (appendicular muscles)
  • Organized into 5 groups based on location
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are muscles of facial expression?

A
  • Arise from the subcutaneous layer (deep to the skin) or on the skull bones
  • These muscles insert on the subcutaneous layer so that when they contract, they contort the skin
  • All but one muscle are innervated by the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the epicranius? (facial muscle)

A
  • Composed of the occipitofrontalis muscle and a broad epicranial aponeurosis
  • The scalp muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the frontal belly? (facial muscle)

A
  • Part of the occipitofrontalis muscle
  • Is superficial to the frontal bone of the forehead
  • When this muscle contracts it raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the occipital belly? (facial muscle)

A
  • Part of the occipitofrontalis muscle
  • Covers the posterior side of the head
  • When this muscle contracts it retracts the scalp slightly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the corrugator supercilii? (facial muscle)

A
  • This muscle draws the eyebrows together and creates vertical wrinkle lines above the nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are orbicularis oculi? (facial muscle)

A
  • Consists of circular muscle fibers that surround the orbit

- When this muscle contracts the eyelid closes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the levator palpebrae superioris? (facial muscle)

A
  • Elevates the upper eyelid when you open your eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the nasalis? (facial muscle)

A
  • Elevates the corners of your nostrils

- When you flare your nostrils you are using these muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the procerus? (facial muscle)

A
  • Contracts when you wrinkle your nose in distaste after smelling something sour
  • This muscle is continuous with the frontalis muscle
  • Runs over the bridge of the nose, where it produces transverse wrinkles when contracted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the orbicularis? (facial muscle)

A
  • Consists of muscle fibers that encircle the opening of the mouth
  • When this muscle contracts you are closing your mouth or puckering your lips
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the depressor labii inferioris? (facial muscle)

A
  • Does what it’s name suggests

- When contracted it pulls the lower lip inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the depressor anguli oris? (facial muscle)

A
  • Considered the “frown” muscle
  • It pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly
  • Takes more than just this muscle to frown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the levator labii superioris? (facial muscle)

A
  • Pulls the upper lip superiorly

- As if you are sneering or snarling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the levator anguli oris? (facial muscle)

A
  • Does the opposite of the depressor anguli oris
  • Pulls the corners of the mouth superiorly and laterally
  • One of the muscles used to smile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the zygomaticus major? (facial muscle)

A
  • Work with the levator anguli oris muscles to make you smile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the risorius? (facial muscle)

A
  • Pulls the corners of the lips laterally

- Use these when you have a closed mouth smile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the mentalis? (facial muscle)

A
  • Attaches to the lower lip

- When it contracts it protrudes the lower lip (poutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the platysma? (facial muscle)

A
  • Tenses the skin of the neck and pulls the lower lip inferiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the buccinator? (facial muscle)

A
  • Compresses the cheek against the teeth when we chew

- Reason why we dont look like chipmunks when we eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are extrinsic eye muscles?

A
  • Also called extraocular muscles
  • Move the eyeball
  • Arise within the orbit and attach onto the outer sclera of the eye
  • There are 6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are rectus eye muscles?

A
  • Medial, lateral, inferior and superior muscles
  • Origin from a common tendinous ring in the orbit
  • Attach on the anterior part of the eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are oblique eye muscles?

A
  • Inferior and superior muscles
  • Originate from within the orbit and attach to the posterolateral part of the eye
  • Contracting these muscles pull the posterior part of the eye inferiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the medial rectus? (eye muscle)

A
  • Attaches to the anteromedial surface of the eye
  • Pulls the eye medially (adducts the eye)
  • Innervated by the CN 11 (oculomotor nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the lateral rectus? (eye muscle)

A
  • Attaches to the anterolateral surface of the eye
  • Pulls the eye laterally (abducts the eye)
  • Innervated by CN V1 (abducens nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the inferior rectus? (eye muscle)

A
  • Attaches to the anteroinferior part of the eye
  • Pulls the eye inferiorly (look down)
  • Pulls the eye medially (look at your nose)
  • Innervated by CN 111
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the superior rectus? (eye muscle)

A
  • Located superiorly
  • Attaches to the anterosuperior part of the eye
  • Pulls the eye superiorly (look up)
  • Pulls the eye medially (look at your nose)
  • Innervated by CN 111
28
Q

What is the inferior oblique? (eye muscle)

A
  • Elevates the eye and turns it laterally
  • Attaches to the inferior posterior part of the eye
  • When you contract this muscle, it pulls the posterior part of the eye inferiorly
  • Innervated by CN 111
29
Q

What is the superior oblique? (eye muscle)

A
  • Depresses the eye and turns it laterally
  • This muscle passes through a pulley like loop called the trochlea in the anteromedial orbit
  • Attaches to the superior posterior part of the eye
  • When this muscle contracts it pulls the posterior part of the eye superiorly
  • Innervated by CN IV (trochlear)
30
Q

What are the muscles of mastication? (mandible muscle)

A
  • Mastication means to chew
  • These muscles move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint
  • 4 pairs of muscles: temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids
31
Q

What is the temporalis? (mandible muscle)

A
  • A broad, fan-shaped muscle
  • Extends from the temporal lines of the skull
  • Attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible
  • Elevates and retracts (pulls posteriorly) the mandible
32
Q

What is the masseter? (mandible muscle)

A
  • Elevates and protracts (pulls anteriorly) the mandible
  • Most powerful and important of the masticatory muscles
  • Short, thick muscle that is superficial to the temporalis
33
Q

What are the lateral and medial pterygoids? (mandible muscle)

A
  • Arise from the lateral pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone and attach to the mandible
  • Both protract the mandible and move it from side to side
  • Maximize the efficiency of the teeth while chewing
  • The medial pterygoid also elevates the mandible
34
Q

What are intrinsic muscles? (tongue muscle)

A
  • Curl, squeeze, and fold the tongue during chewing and speaking
  • Tongue itself acts like a big muscle
35
Q

What are extrinsic muscles? (tongue muscle)

A
  • Attach from the head and neck structures to the tongue
  • These muscles end in the suffix glossus (tongue)
  • Most of these muscles are innervated by CN X11 (hypoglossal nerve)
36
Q

What are the genioglossus muscles? (tongue muscle)

A
  • Left and right muscles that arise on the mandible and protract the tongue
  • Use these muscles when you stick your tongue out
37
Q

What are the styloglossus muscles? (tongue muscle)

A
  • Left and right muscles that arise from the styloid processes of the temporal bone
  • Elevate and retract the tongue (pull the tongue posteriorly, back into the mouth)
38
Q

What are the palatoglossus muscles? (tongue muscle)

A
  • Left and right muscles that originate on the soft palate and elevate the posterior portion of the tongue
39
Q

What is the pharynx?

A
  • Commonly called the throat
  • Funnel shaped tube that lies posterior to and extends inferiorly from both the oral and nasal cavities
  • Several muscles help form this muscular tube or attach to it and aid in swallowing
  • Most are innervated by CN X (vagus nerve)
  • Primary pharyngeal muscles are constrictors
40
Q

What are pharyngeal constrictors? (pharynx muscle)

A
  • Superior, middle and inferior
  • When a bolus of food enters the pharynx, these muscles contract sequentially to initiate swallowing
  • Force the bolus inferiorly into the esophagus
41
Q

What is the levator veli palatini? (pharynx muscle)

A
  • Elevates soft palate when swallowing
42
Q

What is the tensor veli palatini? (pharynx muscle)

A
  • Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube when swallowing or yawning
43
Q

What is the larynx?

A
  • Area of the throat containing the vocal cords
  • Used for breathing, swallowing and talking
  • Also called the voicebox
44
Q

What is the palatopharyngeus? (larynx and pharynx muscle)

A
  • Elevates the larynx and pharynx superiorly

- Originates from the soft palate

45
Q

What is the salpingopharyngeus? (larynx and pharynx muscle)

A
  • Elevates pharynx and larynx superiorly
  • Originates from the auditory tube and opens it
  • Blends with palatopharyngeus on the lateral wall of the pharynx
46
Q

What is the stylopharyngeus? (larynx and pharynx muscle)

A
  • Elevates pharynx and larynx superiorly
  • Originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone
  • Inserts from the side of the pharynx and thyroid cartilage of the larynx
47
Q

What are muscles of the anterior neck?

A
  • Divided into suprahyoid muscles (superior to the hyoid bone) and infrahyoid muscles (inferior to the hyoid bone)
48
Q

What is the digastric muscle? (suprahyoid muscle)

A
  • Associated with the floor of the mouth
  • Elevate the hyoid bone while speaking or swallowing
  • Also can depress the mandible
  • Has 2 bellies: anterior and posterior
  • One extends from the mental protuberance to the hyoid
  • One continues from the hyoid to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone
  • 2 bellies are united by an intermediate tendon that is held in position by a dense connective tissue sling
49
Q

What is the geniohyoid? (suprahyoid muscle)

A
  • Arises from the mental spines of the mandible and attaches to the hyoid bone
  • Elevates the hyoid bone
50
Q

What is the mylohyoid? (suprahyoid muscle)

A
  • Broad and flat muscle that provides a muscular floor to the mouth
  • When contracted, it both elevates the hyoid bone and raises the floor of the mouth
  • Left and right sides align in a v shape
51
Q

What is the stylohyoid? (suprahyoid muscle)

A
  • Attaches to the styloid process of the skull and hyoid

- When contracted, it elevates the hyoid bone, causing the floor of the oral cavity to elongate during swallowing

52
Q

What is the omohyoid? (infrahyoid muscle)

A
  • Contains 2 thin muscle bellies anchored in place by a connective tissue sling
  • Lateral to the sternohyoid and extends from the superior border of the scapula to the hyoid
  • Depresses the hyoid bone
53
Q

What is the sternohyoid? (infrahyoid muscle)

A
  • Extends from the sternum to the hyoid

- Depresses the hyoid bone

54
Q

What is the sternothyroid? (infrahyoid muscle)

A
  • Deep to the sternohyoid
  • Extends from the sternum to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
  • Depresses the thyroid cartilage to return it to its original position after swallowing
55
Q

What is the thyrohyoid? (infrahyoid muscle)

A
  • Extends from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx to the hyoid
  • Depresses the larynx during swallowing
  • The omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid help anchor the hyoid so the digastric can depress the mandible
56
Q

What are the anterolateral neck muscles?

A
  • Flex the head and/or neck

- Main muscles in this group are the sternocleidomastoid and the 3 scalenes

57
Q

What is the sternocleidomastoid? (anterolateral muscle)

A
  • A thick, cordlike muscle
  • Extends from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process posterior to the ear
  • Contraction of both is called a bilateral contraction (flexes the neck)
  • Contraction of just one is called a unilateral contraction (lateral flexion of the neck and rotation of the head to the opposite side of the muscle)
58
Q

What are the scalene muscles? (anterolateral muscle)

A
  • Anterior, middle and posterior
  • Work with the sternocleidomastoid to flex the neck
  • Elevate the first and second ribs during forced inhalation
59
Q

What are the posterior neck muscles?

A
  • The trapezius attaches to the skull and helps extend the head and/or neck
  • Primary action is to help move the pectoral girdle
60
Q

What is the splenius capitis and cervicis? (posterior muscle)

A
  • For unilateral action: turns head to the same side as the contracted muscle
  • For bilateral action: extends the head/neck
  • Superiorly attached to the occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone
  • Inferiorly attached to the ligamentum nuchae
61
Q

What is the longissimus capitis? (posterior muscle)

A
  • For unilateral action: rotates head towards the same side as contracted muscle
  • For bilateral action: extends the head/neck
  • Superiorly attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone
  • Inferiorly attached to the transverse process of T1-T4 and articular processes of C4-C7 vertebrae
62
Q

What is the obliquus capitis superior? (posterior muscle)

A
  • Turns head to the same side of contracted muscle
  • Superiorly attached to the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
  • Inferiorly attached to the transverse process of the atlas
63
Q

What is the obliquus capitis inferior? (posterior muscle)

A
  • Turns head to the same side of contracted muscle
  • Superiorly attached to the transverse process of the atlas
  • Inferiorly attached to the spinous process of the axis
64
Q

What is the rectus capitis posterior major? (posterior muscle)

A
  • Extends head/neck
  • Superiorly attached to the nuchal line of the occipital bone
  • Inferiorly attached to the spinous process of the axis
65
Q

What is the rectus capitis posterior minor? (posterior muscle)

A
  • Extends head/neck
  • Superiorly attached to the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
  • Inferiorly attached to the posterior tubercle of the atlas

ANATOMY 1120 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions