AXIAL: Hyoid, Vertebrae and Thoracic Flashcards
This bone is unique in that it is the only bone of the body that does not articulate directly with any other bone which is why it looks like it’s floating.
Hyoid bone
Bone attached to the muscle tongue and muscle neck
Hyoid bone
These are the smallest bones in the human body
Auditory ossicles
What are the three bones of the auditory ossicles?
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
What is the smallest of the smallest bones of the human body
Stapes
This bone looks like a stirrup
Stapes
This bone looks like a hammer
Malleus
This bone looks like an anvil
Incus
A series of irregularly-shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord
Vertebral column
How many vertebrae are there in an infant vertebrae?
33
How many vertebrae are there in an adult vertebrae?
26
How many regions are there in vertebral column?
5
What are the regions found in the vertebral column?
- Cervical (7)
- Thoracic (12)
- Lumbar (5)
- Sacral (5 OR FUSED INTO 1)
- Coccyx (4 OR FUSED INTO 1)
Cervical and lumbar lordosis has a ___________ curve.
Concave
Thoracic and sacral kyphosis has a _____________ curve.
Convex
This is the weight-bearing portion of the general structure of a vertebra
Vertebral body/centrum
This is a general structure of a vertebra that directs posteriorly.
Vertebral arch
Flattened plates that fuse in the median plane which completes the arch posteriorly, and this a part of the general structure of a vertebra
Laminae
These are short bony pillars projecting posteriorly from the vertebral body which forms the sides of the arch
Pedicles
This is a process wherein a median posterior projection arises at the junction of the two laminae
Spinous process
This is a process that extends laterally from each side of the vertebral arch
Transverse process
From the lateral view, these facets protrude superiorly and inferiorly respectively from the pedicle-lamina junction
Superior and Inferior articular facet
Cervical bone wherein there is no body, no spinous process, but it has superior articular facets
Atlas (C1)
“YES” (bone responsible for nodding your head up and down)
Atlas (C1)
Cervical bone wherein it is not as specialized as atlas, and this has a unique feature wherein they have knob-like dens
Axis (C2)
“NO” (bone responsible for shaking your head left and right)
Axis (C2)
Has an oval body, its spinous process is short and bifid, and its vertebral foramen is triangular
C3-C7
A cervical bone that is palpable
C7
Its body is heart-shaped, has long and sharp spinous process, has demifacets (costal facets), has transverse process, and its vertebral foramen is round
Thoracic spine (T1-T12)
Its body is massive which is kidney-shaped, has short and flat spinous process, its pedicles and laminae are thicker and shorter, has transverse process, and its vertebral foramen is triangular
Lumbar spine (L1-L5)
What are the joints formed at the vertebral column?
- Atlanto-occipital joint (atlas + occipital condyle)
- Atlanto-axial joint (atlas + axis)
- Zygapophyseal joint (superior articulating facet + inferior articulating facet)
This bone protects the vital organs in the thorax
Thoracic cage
This is an element of the thoracic cage that is located posteriorly
Thoracic vertebrae
This is an element of the thoracic cage that is located laterally
Ribs
This is an element of the thoracic cage that is located anteriory
Sternum and Costal cartilages
Ribs 1-7 (from vertebrae to sternum)
True ribs
Ribs 8-10
False ribs (that is attached from vertebrae to cartilages only)
Ribs 11-12
False ribs (only attached to vertebrae)
What are the joints formed at the thoracic cage
- Costovertebral joints (ribs + vertebrae)
- Costochondral joints (ribs + costal cartilages)
- Sternochondral joints (sternum + costal cartilages)
- Interchondral joints (false ribs + costal cartilages)
