AXIAL: Axial Skeleton and its Bone Markings

Question 1

What are the 5 main types of bones found in the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 1

1. Skull (Calvarium & Facial)
2. Auditory Ossicles
3. Hyoid Bone
4. Vertebrae
5. Thoracic Cage

Question 2

How many bones are found in the skull?

Answer 2

22

Question 3

How many bones are found in the auditory ossicles?

Answer 3

6

Question 4

How many bones are there in the hyoid bone

Answer 4

1

Question 5

How many bones are found in an adult vertebrae?

Answer 5

26

Why? because sacrum fuses into one as well as coccyx fuses into one:
* C1-C7
* T1-T12
* L1-L5
* 1 Sacrum
* 1 Coccyx

Question 6

How many bones are found in an infant vertebrae?

Answer 6

33

Why?
* C1-C7
* T1-T12
* L1-L5
* 5 Sacral bones
* 4 Coccyx bones

Question 7

How many bones are in the thoracic cage?

Answer 7

25

Why?
* 12 pairs of true and false ribs
* 1 sternum

Question 8

What is the total number of axial bones found in an adult axial skeleton?

Answer 8

80

Question 9

These are important since they allow for identification of bones and bony pieces, as well as they help bones interact with other bones and tissues.

Answer 9

Bone markings

Question 10

What are the 3 types of bone markings?

Answer 10

1. Articulating
2. Non-articulating
3. Depressions and openings

Question 11

An articulating bone marking that is mostly found in long bones and has an enlarged end.

Answer 11

Head

Question 12

An articulating bone marking that is rounded or pointed ; has a smooth rounded articular surface

Answer 12

Condyle

Question 13

An articulating bone marking that has a smooth flattened surface

Answer 13

Facet

Question 14

A bone marking that attaches itself to another bone structure

Answer 14

Articulating

Question 15

A bone marking that serves as an attachment for nerves, blood vessels, and muscles

Answer 15

Non-articulating

Question 16

A non-articulating bone marking that has a knob-like process which is usually larger than a tubercle ; an enlargement

Answer 16

Tuberosity

Question 17

A non-articulating bone marking that serves as a prominent projection on a bone (ex.: jawline)

Answer 17

Process

Question 18

A non-articulating bone marking that has a prominent ridge or elongated projection; a curvature.

Answer 18

Crest

Question 19

A non-articulating bone marking that is a small rounded projection or process; site of muscle and ligament attachment

Answer 19

Tubercle

Question 20

A non-articulating bone marking that is embedded on the bone surface ; narrow bridge of bone and less prominent than a crest

Answer 20

Line

Question 21

These are sites allowing the passage of soft tissue (nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons) or formation of joints

Answer 21

Depressions and openings

Question 22

This is an opening / hole ; allows passageway of blood vessels and nerves

Answer 22

Foramen

Question 23

This is where articulating bone markings attaches itself

Answer 23

Fossa

Question 24

Tunnel-like opening (ex.: ears)

Answer 24

Meatus

Question 25

A cleft-like structure

Answer 25

Fissure

Question 26

A cavity within a bone, most likely from the skull ; filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Answer 26

Sinus