aviation organizations Flashcards
What are aviation organizations?
Entities responsible for formulating and enforcing laws that ensure the safety and security of individuals/ organizations and set basic standards in aviation
What are the two main levels of aviation organizations?
International and National
What are the three international aviation organizations?
ICAO/ EASA/ IATA
What is the national aviation organization called?
CAA
When was ICAO established, how many members does it have, and what does it do?
1944
193 worldwide voluntary member states
Works with its member states on international civil aviation standards, such as personnel licensing, meteorological services, aeronautical charts, training requirements, aircraft accident investigations, and security
When was EASA established, how many members does it have, and what does it do?
2002
32 member states/ mandatory for EU states/ voluntary for non-EU members like UK, Switzerland, Norway, and Iceland
Works with other international aviation organizations to facilitate EU specific regulatory requirements for the internal aviation single market
What does CAA stand for, and what does it do?
Civil Aviation Authority
Operators need to comply with the regulations set by the UK CAA
Responsible for supervising whether the operator follows regulations and offering support such as issuing the Air Operator’s certificate, emitting attestations for the crew, reviewing and approving revisions of the manuals of the operator
What is the theory of flight?
The faster an airplane moves, the more lift there is. When the force of lift is greater than the force of gravity, the airplane is able to fly, and because of thrust, the airplane is able to move forward in flight. Drag is the force that acts opposite to the direction of motion. It tends to slow an object. Drag is caused by friction and differences in air pressure
What are all of the parts of an aircraft?
Fin, Rudder, Tail, Elevator, Tailplane/ Wing/ Hold/ Jet Engine/ Slat/ Fuselage/ Landing Gear/ Nose/ Flight Deck/ Cabin/ Flap/ Aileron
What are the phases of flight?
Take off/ Climb/ Cruise/ Descent/ Landing
What happens during take off?
The phase in which an aircraft goes through the transition from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually starting on the runway
What happens during the climb?
Following take off, the aircraft has to climb to a certain altitude (typically 30,000 feet or 10km) before it can cruise at this altitude in a safe and economic way
What happens during cruise?
The level portion of aircraft travel where flight is most fuel efficient. It occurs between ascent and descent and is usually the majority of a journey
What happens during descent?
A descent is any portion where an aircraft decreases altitude. Descents are an essential component of an approach to landing
What happens during landing?
The last part of a flight, where the aircraft returns to the ground
What is the aviation alphabet and why is it important?
It is vital for crew members to understand each other over radio communication
A = Alpha
B = Bravo
C = Charlie
D = Delta
E = Echo
F = Foxtrot
G = Golf
H = Hotel
I = India
J = Juliet
K = Kilo
L = Lima
M = Mike
N = November
O = Oscar
P = Papa
Q = Quebec
R = Romeo
S = Sierra
T = Tango
U = Uniform
V = Victor
W = Whiskey
X = X-ray
Y = Yankee
Z = Zulu
Who assigns the airport codes?
International Air Transport Association
How is the three letter code determined on tickets?
Ensuring that it is unique/ not already in use
Could be assigned based on name of airport/ name of city
No two airports share the same IATA codes
What are flight time limitations?
Rules set to ensure that the operating crew members are scheduled with adequate rest periods, so that flight safety is not decreased by crew fatigue, to prevent accidents from occurring
What is UTC?
The standard time common to every place in the world, as it reflects the solar time along the Earth’s prime meridian
When is UTC used, and what else is it known by?
Used in plane and ship navigation, where it is also known as Zulu time, in order to avoid confusion about time zones
What time format is used in aviation and what are some examples?
24 hour clock, and time is recorded by numbers only, not am and pm (military time)
6:30 am = 0630
12:00 midday = 1200
12:15 midnight = 0015
What does flight time mean?
The time between an aircraft first moving from its parking spot for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest on the designated parking position and all engines/propellers are switched off
What does FDP stand for and describe?
Flight Duty Period
A period that commences when a crew member is required to report for duty, which includes a sector
What is a duty period?
A period which starts when a crew member is required by an operator to report for duty, and ends when that person is free of all duties, including post-flight duties
What is stand-by?
Pre-notified/ defined period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for a flight, positioning, or other duty without an intervening rest period
What are the duties of cabin crew?
Monitoring situations inside/ outside the aircraft
Assistance to special categories of passengers (passengers in custody/ medical cases/ deportees)
Observation of passengers (mental or physical distress)
Safe stowage of luggage
Safety demonstrations
Cabin secured checks
Readiness to carry out emergency/ safety duties
Awareness for emergency evacuations
Decompression (checking passengers’ safety whilst administering oxygen)
Awareness in case of pilot incapacitation
Security threats (bombs/ hijacks)
Handling of dangerous goods
What is a load sheet?
A document that includes all the calculations of mass and balance of the airplane based on seat allocation
What does the load sheet show the weight of?
All passengers with division for male/ female/ infants
Airplane with passengers on board
Fuel
Centre of gravity
Number of passengers in each cabin zone
Weight of baggage/ cargo in each cargo load
How does the CAA define ‘Able-bodied passengers’?
Passengers selected by crew members to assist in managing emergency situations if and as required
What is the selection of ABP’s (able-bodied passengers) based on?
Ability to understand and respond to instructions
Physical abilities
Ability to stay calm
People travelling without friends and family
What types of people make potential ABP’s?
Deadheading crew member
Military personnel
Police personnel
Fire personnel
Doctors/ nurses
What is a special category passenger and what can they not do?
A passenger who requires special conditions, assistance, or devices that require adaptation to their needs
Special Category passengers shall not occupy seats that permit direct access to emergency exits, or where their presence could impede cabin crew from their duties, obstruct access to the emergency equipment, or impede evacuation of the aircraft
What does PRM stand for, and who qualifies?
Passenger with Reduced Mobility
Wheelchair passengers
Deaf/ blind passengers
Incapacitated passengers
Passengers requiring therapeutic oxygen
Passengers with medical equipment
Mentally disabled passengers
What does WCHR stand for and describe?
Wheel Chair Ramp
A passenger able to walk by themselves inside the plane, and up and down stairs, but who requires a wheelchair to move long distances inside the airport
What does WCHS stand for and describe?
Wheel Chair Stairs
Passenger able to walk by themselves inside the plane, but not able to go up or down stairs, and who requires a wheelchair to move long distances inside the airport
What does WCHC stand for and describe?
Wheel Chair Cabin
Completely immobile passenger, requiring assistance to board and exit the aircraft
