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RUSVM Gross Anatomy II > Avian Questions > Flashcards

Avian Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the total time required from ovulation to oviposition?

A

24 hours

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2
Q

Which bone connects the mandible to the skull (temporal bone)

A

the quadrate bone

enables the upper and lower jaw to move simultaneously. While the quadrate bone turns, it increases the size of the gape

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3
Q

Which compartment of the cloaca do the vas deferens go to?

A

urodeum

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4
Q

The sebaceous gland responsible for waterproofing and insulating the feathers:

A

Uropygial gland

(“preen” gland)

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5
Q

Feathers in birds are concentrated in tracts called _________

A

Feathers in birds are concentrated in tracts called pterylae

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6
Q

These feathers are responsible for heating and insulating the body and helping maintain normal body temperature:

A

down feathers

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7
Q

What is the normal temperature for birds?

A

102-108oF

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8
Q

These feathers are specialized contour feathers responsible for flight:

A

**Wing feathers (remiges) **and tail feathers (retricles)

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9
Q

*These *feathers are new feathers in the growing stage:

A

blood feathers (pin feathers)

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10
Q

Which ovary is active in the chicken?

A

left

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11
Q

The fusion of the proximal row of the tarsus and the tibia is called the:

A

tibiotarsus

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12
Q

The fusion of the distal tarsal row with metatarsal 2, 3, and 4 form the:

A

Tarsometatarsus

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13
Q

Fusion along the dorsal spinous processes of most of the thoracic vertebrae:

A

notarium

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14
Q

Fusion of the last 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae, all of the lumbar, all of the sacral, and the first few caudal vertebrae

A

synsacrum

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15
Q

Fusion of the most caudal 3-4 vertebrae that make up the bulk of the tail:

A

pygostyle

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16
Q

This bone allows for attachment of the large pectoral muscles and makes up the majority of the ventral body wall:

A

keel bone

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17
Q

The furcula is commonly known as the:

A

wish bone

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18
Q

What is significant about the radius and ulna in birds?

A

In birds, the ulna is larger than the radius

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19
Q

What is the name of the triangular fold of skin running from the shoulder to the carpus that provides an aerodynamic “lift”?

A

**propatagium **

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20
Q

What is pinioning?

A

This involves cutting the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis muscle at the level of its attachment on the carpus.

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21
Q

How many metatarsal bones are present on the avian pelvic limb?

A

4 (3 of which are fused)

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22
Q

Muscles take on different colors dependent on the relative amount of _____________ that is present.

A

Muscles take on different colors dependent on the relative amount of myoglobin that is present.

23
Q

Which muscle will likely be darker in color: phasic muscles of endurance muscle?

A

endurance muscle

24
Q

What is the most common site for collection of large volumes of blood in poultry and companion birds?

A

right jugular vein

25
Q

Name three commonly used sites for blood collection in avians:

A
  1. right jugular vein (poultry & companion birds)
  2. cutaneous ulnar vein
  3. medial metatarsal vein (larger birds: ducks, raptors, large parrots)
26
Q

Responsible for B-cell production in birds:

A

Bursa of Fabricius

27
Q

The avian larynx lies on the floor of the oropharynx and opens on a small prominence called the _____________

A

laryngeal mound

28
Q

Describe the unique positioning of the avian epiglottis.

A

They don’t have one. Get over it.

29
Q

What is the landmark for endotracheal intubation in avians?

A

laryngeal mound

30
Q

What is important to remember about the trachea in birds when placing an endotracheal tube?

A

The trachea in birds has complete cartilaginous rings

You should not use the cuffed endotracheal tubes, as over-inflation of the cuff can cause severe damage and necrosis of the trachea

31
Q

How many air sacs are present in the chicken?

A

8

32
Q

Birds do not have separate thoracic and abdominal cavities. Instead, they have a combined thoraco-abdominal cavity, also known as the ________________

A

coelomic cavity

33
Q

In hatchlings, the sharp projection that is used to “pip” out of the shell is known as the:

A

egg tooth

34
Q

The avian hard palate contains a longitudinal fissure that connects the oral and nasal cavities. What is this fissure called?

A

choana

35
Q

Out-pouching of the esophagus located just cranial to the thoracic inlet on the right side of the neck in chickens:

A

crop

36
Q

Which portion of the avian stomach is the equivalent to the mammalian stomach?

A

the **proventriculus **(glandular portion)

37
Q

In birds, the upper and lower ileum is divided by:

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

(a remnant of the fetal yolk sac)

38
Q

Which compartment of the cloaca does the rectum lead to?

A

coprodeal compartment

39
Q

What is the terminal region of the avian GI tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract?

A

the cloaca

40
Q

Which compartment of the cloaca serves as the termination for the GI tract?

A

the coprodeal compartment

41
Q

Which compartment of the cloaca serves as the termination for the urinary and reproductive tracts?

A

the urodeal compartment

42
Q

Which portion of the cloaca opens to the anus or vent?

A

the proctodeum

43
Q

What is important to remember about the avian kidney with regard to prescribing drugs that act on the loop of Henle?

A

The avian kidney consists of “mammalian” and “reptilian” nephrons. The reptilian nephrons contain no loop of Henle.

44
Q

What is the end product of the urinary tract in birds?

A

Uric acid

So, kidney function tests that we use in mammals (BUN & creatinine) are of very little use in birds

45
Q

Blood supply to the ovary in birds is via the ________________

A

left ovarian artery

(a branch off the left cranial renal artery)

46
Q

What is the site of calcification for the egg?

A

the uterus

47
Q

Where are the testes located in birds?

A

The paired testes lie within the body cavity near the cranial pole of the kidney

48
Q

How many accessory sex glands are found in male birds?

A

Zero.

49
Q

areas of bare skin on a bird are called:

A

apteria

50
Q

Which muscle is responsible for the downward motion of the wings (adduction of the wings)?

A

Superficial pectorals

51
Q

Which muscle is responsible for the upward motion of the wings (abduction of the wings)?

A

deep pectorals

52
Q

At which portion of the oviduct is albumin added to the egg?

A

the magnum

53
Q

What is this ‘wing web’ referred to as?

A

propatagium

RUSVM Gross Anatomy II (23 decks)

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