avian

Question 1

airway anatomy

Answer 1

complete cartilaginous rings around the trachea
no epiglottis, vocal folds
direct visualisation of the glottis opening to the trachea
9 air sacs

Question 2

physiological challenges in relation to anaesthesia

Answer 2

hight surface area/BWT area
high metabolic rates

Question 3

small size + high metabolic rates

Answer 3

high O2 consumption
prone to hypothermia
low hepatic glycogen stores

Question 4

pre anaesthetic exam

Answer 4

preservation reflex - hide signs of illness until very sick
TPR
feather condition
clean
eyes squinting
positioning

Question 5

low stress environment

Answer 5

low light , red light for perching birds
quiet
minimal human interaction

Question 6

low stress handling

Answer 6

towel wrap
secure beak

Question 7

fasting

Answer 7

kept minimal due to high metabolic rates
allows crop to empty, birds are prone to regurgitating their crop under anaesthesia
size and breed dependant usually 1-3hr

Question 8

pre med

Answer 8

ketamine
benzodiazepines
alpha 2 agonist
opioid

Question 9

maintenance agent

Answer 9

iso
sevo preferred due to faster uptake and metabolism

Question 10

ECG

Answer 10

sensitive skin
use soft clips or needle method

Question 11

fluids

Answer 11

indicated to help maintain perfusion
5ml/kg/hr

Question 12

patient positioning

Answer 12

wing placement, extension and torsion

Question 13

hypothermia

Answer 13

warm fluids
blankets/heat pad
minimise plucks

Question 14

recovery

Answer 14

support body into sternal - ensure air sacs are not compromised
wrap in towel
post op O2 5mins
extubate once moving their head
food, water, analgesia