AV Valve Abnormalities Flashcards
Ebstein’s anomaly is the apical displacement of the ____ and ____ TV leaflets toward the RV chamber, leading to “atrialization” of the RV.
Septal and posterior
With ebstein’s, the ____ leaflet inserts in normal/near-normal position.
Anterior
With Ebstein’s, heart size and severity of symptoms are directly related to the degree of ____ displacement of the tricuspid valve.
Downward
Moderate to severe Ebstein’s can cause ____.
Cyanosis
____ view is best for visualizing extent of apical displacement of septal TV leaflet.
Apical 4 chamber
When the TV is displaced, you should measure the separation of TV to MV ____.
Insertion
The criteria for Ebstein’s diagnosis: apical displacement index must measure greater than ____ mm or ____ mm/m^2
20 mm; 8 mm/m^2
What are the most common structural causes of MR?
Cleft mitral valve and MVP
As MR worsens, LA pressure increases. This increased pressure will be transmitted back through the ____ into the pulmonary vascular bed.
Pulmonary veins
Cleft mitral valve usually involves the ____ MV leaflet.
Anterior
Congenital MS is rare and usually the result of a ____, ____, or ____.
Double orifice MV, fused commissures, or parachute MV
Double orifice MV is a result of ____ tissue which divides the mitral orifice into two smaller openings.
Anomalous
A ____ MV consists of: two leaflets + chordae tendinae + one papillary muscle.
Parachute
____ is when there is a membrane that partitions the LA into 2 parts, one which receives the pulmonary veins, and one (true atrium) which usually contains the LA appendage and the fossa ovalis
Cor triatriatum
Cor triatriatum is caused by incomplete absorption of the common ____ leaving an obstructing membrane of tissue.
Pulmonary vein
