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Human Disease/Therapeutics > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of parasympathetic ANS receptors?

A

muscarinic (M) and nicotinic (N)

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2
Q

What are the agonists for muscarinic cholinoceptors?

A

Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, and Pilocarpine

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3
Q

What antagonist suppresses all parasympathetic signals to M and N receptors?

A

Atropine

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4
Q

What suppresses signals to muscarinic receptors?

A

Scopolamine

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5
Q

What tissues are innervated by M1 receptors?

A

Stomach (increase acid secretion)

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6
Q

What tissues are innervated by M2 receptors?

A

Heart

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7
Q

What effects do M2 receptors elicit on the heart?

A
  • decrease HR via SA node
  • decrease AP duration and contractility of atria
  • decrease conduction velocity via AV node
  • decrease contractility of ventricle
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8
Q

What tissues do M3 receptors innervate?

A

GI tract, secretory gland, eye, cardiac vessels, respiratory tract

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9
Q

What effects do M3 receptors elicit on the GI tract?

A

Contracts GI walls

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10
Q

What effects do M3 receptors elicit on the secretory glands?

A

Increase secretions

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11
Q

What effects do M3 receptors elicit on the eyes?

A

Constricts pupil via iris circular muscle

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12
Q

What do M3 receptors do for the heart?

A

Activation of EDRF release to vasodilate cardiac vessels

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13
Q

What effect do M3 receptors have on the respiratory tract?

A

Bronchoconstrict

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter do Nicotinic receptors use?

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

What do Nm receptors innervate?

A

They innervate muscle via neuromuscular junctions

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16
Q

What do Nn receptors innervate?

A
  • autonomic ganglia in sympathetic chain and distance parasympathetic ganglia
  • adrenal medulla (release of catecholamines)
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17
Q

What are the three biggest types of sympathetic ANS receptors?

A

alpha, beta, D (for dopamine-receptor)

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18
Q

What tissues do alpha1 receptors innervate?

A

Eye, GI sphincters, Genitourinary (GU) sphincters, and blood vessels

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19
Q

For all four tissues innervated by alpha1 receptors, will the agonist cause contraction or relaxation?

A

contraction (of iris radial muscle, of GI and GU sphincters, and of blood vessels)

20
Q

What are the agonists for alpha1 receptors?

A

Epi > NE, and Phenylephrine (PE)

21
Q

What is the antagonist that suppresses alpha1 action?

A

Prazosin

22
Q

What tissues do alpha2 receptors innervate?

A

GI walls, NE terminals, brainstem, and blood vessels

23
Q

What effect does an alpha2 agonist have on GI walls?

A

relaxation

24
Q

What effect does an alpha2 agonist have on NE terminals and brainstem?

A

decrease NE release in both places

25
Q

What do all alpha receptors do to blood vessels?

A

vasoconstriction

26
Q

What are the alpha2 agonists?

A

Epi > NE, Clonidine, Guanfacine

27
Q

beta1 receptors effect which organ?

A

Heart

28
Q

How does a beta1 agonist effect the heart?

A
  • raise HR via SA node
  • increase contractility, automaticity
  • increase conduction velocity of atria, AV node, His & Purkinje fibers, and Ventricles
29
Q

What are the beta1 agonists?

A

Epi = NE, Isoproterenol

30
Q

What antagonist suppresses all beta receptors?

A

Propranolol

31
Q

What tissues do beta2 receptors innervate?

A

Eyes, heart, skeletal muscle vessels, trachea/bronchi, GI walls, bladder wall, uterus

32
Q

An agonist does what to eyes via beta2 receptors?

A

Relaxes ciliary muscle

33
Q

Epinephrine causes what to happen to the heart via beta2 receptors?

A
  • raises HR via SA node

- increase contractility of heart

34
Q

What effect do beta2 agonist have on skeletal muscle blood vessels, bronchi, GI walls, bladder wall, and uterus?

A

Relaxation of all

35
Q

What are the beta2 agonists?

A

Epi, Isoproterenol, Albuterol, and Terbutaline

36
Q

What beta blocker is used to treat anxiety and/or HTN by lowering blood pressure?

A

Propranolol

37
Q

What beta2 agonist is a common bronchodilator used in asthma patients?

A

Albuterol

38
Q

What beta receptor agonist is used to treat bradycardia?

A

Isoproterenol

39
Q

What drug causes vasoconstriciton, sphincter contraction, and is used in decongestant medications?

A

Phenylephrine

40
Q

What alpha1 antagonist is used to treat HTN?

A

Prazosin

41
Q

What alpha2 agonist is used to regulate blood pressure?

A

Clonidine

42
Q

How does d-Tubocurarine work?

A

It binds to Nm receptors to relax muscles

43
Q

How does succinylcholine work?

A

It depletes the neuron of ions so that another action potential cannot signal for the muscle to contract.

44
Q

What does bethanochol do?

A

it’s a muscarinic agonist that increases secretions and GI tract motility

45
Q

How does pilocarpine work?

A

It binds to muscarinic receptors to increase secretions. In eye it causes the iris muscle to contract to increase fluid and drainage

46
Q

What is an antimuscarinic drug used to treat motion sickness?

A

Scopolamine

47
Q

What anticholinergic blocks ALL muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?

A

Atropine

Human Disease/Therapeutics (12 decks)

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